front 1 Which of the following processes releases stored energy that can be used to power other processes? | back 1 Allowing a warm system to cool to environmental temperature. |
front 2 Disrupting the structure of the skin would directly interfere with which of the following processes? Defending against pathogens Moving the arms Maintaining steady body fluid levels Maintaining blood glucose Moving the legs | back 2 Defending against pathogens Maintaining steady body fluid levels |
front 3 Disrupting the structure of the femur would dramatically interfere with which of the following processes? Assume all other bones are intact. Defending against pathogens Moving the arms Maintaining steady body fluid levels Maintaining blood glucose Moving the legs | back 3 Moving the legs |
front 4 Which of the following releases energy that can be used to power other reactions? | back 4 Allowing sodium to move from and area of high concentration to low concentration (so that the difference in sodium concentrations becomes smaller) |
front 5 A "gradient" occurs when one area is different from another. Which of the following requires the input of energy? | back 5 Creating a gradient. |
front 6 If humans have no structure that changes shape in the presence of uranium, is it possible to maintain uranium homeostasis? | back 6 No |
front 7 Which of the following requires the input of energy? | back 7 Maintaining higher extracellular sodium concentrations than intracellular. |
front 8 Is it possible to disrupt the structure of skin cells without disrupting the structure of the skin? | back 8 No |
front 9 Which of the following processes releases stored energy that can be used to power other processes? | back 9 Allowing a cool system to warm to environmental temperature. |
front 10 Which of the following is an example of homeostasis? | back 10 Maintaining higher extracellular sodium concentrations than intracellular. |
front 11 Humans maintain homeostasis of which of the following variables? Blood pH Heart rate Blood glucose Blood oxygen levels Sweat rate Blood sodium levels Dietary sodium intake | back 11 Blood pH Blood glucose Blood oxygen levels Blood sodium levels |
front 12 Do humans maintain heart rate homeostasis? | back 12 No |
front 13 Is it possible to disrupt the structure of a tissue without disrupting the structure of the cells that are in the tissue? | back 13 Yes |
front 14 Referring to the human body, which of the following statements is accurate? Form follows function Function follows form | back 14 Function follows form |
front 15 Which of the following chemical reactions would occur most rapidly without an enzyme? An endergonic chemical reaction in the presence of ATP An endergonic chemical reaction without ATP An exergonic chemical reaction in a very hot environment An exergonic chemical reaction in a very cold environment | back 15 An exergonic chemical reaction in a very hot environment |
front 16 Imagine a solution containing only water, sodium, and potassium. If a voltage is applied to the solution, the electrical force acting on potassium would be | back 16 Equal to the electrical force acting on sodium |
front 17 Which of the following bonds are polar ("polar" referring to polar enough to dissolve in water)? | back 17 O-H |
front 18 Carbohydrates contain | back 18 C-C bonds, O-H bonds, and C-H bonds |
front 19 The sequence of amino acids in a protein determines its | back 19 Primary structure |
front 20 Does a solution that contains only water and glucose conduct electricity? | back 20 No |
front 21 Which of the following usually dissolves well in water? | back 21 Carbohydrates Ions |
front 22 Why does sodium chloride dissolve well in water? | back 22 The ionic bonds break because portions of the water molecules attract each ion |
front 23 Water is | back 23 Polar Hydrophilic |
front 24 Hydrophobic lipid tails contain | back 24 C-C and C-H bonds |
front 25 Ions moving down their electrochemical gradient | back 25 Release potential energy |
front 26 Glucose dissolves in water because | back 26 O-H bonds form hydrogen bonds with water |
front 27 Imagine a beaker of water into which we place two drops of red food coloring and one drop of blue food coloring. The drops land in different places on the surface of the water. The concentration gradient acting on the red molecules would be | back 27 Stronger than on the blue molecules, but in a different direction |
front 28 Imagine a solution containing only water, sodium, and glucose. If a voltage is applied to the solution, glucose would move | back 28 There would be no net movement of glucose |
front 29 The primary purpose of a buffer is to | back 29 Maintain the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution |
front 30 When ATP is hydrolyzed to produce ADP and phosphate the chemical reaction is | back 30 Exergonic |
front 31 Some exergonic chemical reactions that proceed slowly in the outside world proceed quickly in the human body. This is primarily because | back 31 Humans have enzymes that lower the activation energy of a chemical reaction. |
front 32 In chemical reactions, which of the following subatomic particles are exchanged? (Remember, we’re talking about the human body here.) | back 32 Electrons |
front 33 Does a solution that contains water and dissolved sodium chloride conduct electricity? | back 33 Yes |
front 34 The inside of a cell contains several buffers. These buffers help ensure that | back 34 pH inside the cell remains stable when extracellular pH changes |
front 35 Sodium chloride dissolves in water because | back 35 Water is polar so that partial negative charges stabilize positive ions while partial positive charges stabilize negative ions. |
front 36 Fats do not dissolve in water because | back 36 There are no O-H bonds form hydrogen bonds with water |
front 37 If a chemical binds to a protein, which of the following would you expect to occur? | back 37 The protein would change shape The protein would change function |
front 38 If you need a solution to conduct electricity, which of the following molecules would you choose? | back 38 A molecule with ionic bonds |
front 39 Carbohydrates are | back 39 Hydrophilic |
front 40 Enzymes | back 40 Lower the activation energy required for a chemical reaction to occur |
front 41 How would adding acid to a non-buffered solution be most likely to affect protein structure? | back 41 Adding acid would disrupt the secondary and tertiary structure of the protein |
front 42 Assume a growth factor from outside a cell tells the cell to divide. The growth factor cannot diffuse through the plasma membrane and there are no transport proteins for that growth factor. What can you deduce about the growth factor receptor? The growth factor receptor must be at least partly exposed to the fluid outside a cell The growth factor receptor must be connected to the inside of the cell The growth factor receptor must change shape when it binds to the growth factor | back 42 The growth factor receptor must be at least partly exposed to the fluid outside a cell The growth factor receptor must be connected to the inside of the cell The growth factor receptor must change shape when it binds to the growth factor |
front 43 How do forces act on sodium in resting cells? | back 43 Electrical gradient pushes in; concentration gradient pushes in |
front 44 Ions moving down their electrochemical gradient | back 44 Release potential energy |
front 45 By which of the following methods does a cell control the rate of a chemical reaction? By separating reactants from each other Through the controlling the activity of enzymes By changing the amount of energy released by a reaction | back 45 By separating reactants from each other Through the controlling the activity of enzymes |
front 46 If blood sodium dropped to dangerously low levels, cells in the body would | back 46 Swell and possibly pop |
front 47 A gene provides instructions for the | back 47 The primary structure of the protein |
front 48 Glucose does not simply diffuse through a cell’s plasma membrane because | back 48 Glucose is polar, but a cell’s plasma membrane is not |
front 49 The action of steroid receptors would be _____________ that the action of a neurotransmitter that directly opens ion channels in a cell’s plasma membrane | back 49 Slower |
front 50 Which of the following is the site of most ATP synthesis in a cell? | back 50 The mitochondrion |
front 51 How would adding acid to a non-buffered solution be most likely to affect protein structure? | back 51 Adding acid would disrupt the secondary and tertiary structure of the protein |
front 52 If all GLUT4 transporters were destroyed, would injected insulin lower blood glucose? | back 52 No |
front 53 In human cells, a concentration gradient usually pushes potassium | back 53 Out of a cell |
front 54 The production of a protein from mRNA is called | back 54 Translation |
front 55 When treating type 1 diabetes mellitus with insulin injections, what is the role of a glucose meter? | back 55 A glucose meter serves as a sensor in a negative feedback loop |
front 56 From rest, if we allow only potassium to cross a cell’s membrane, the cell would get | back 56 More negative |
front 57 When blood glucose climbs, the sensor for the change is in the | back 57 Pancreas |
front 58 Which of the following makes sodium want to enter a resting cell? | back 58 Sodium concentrations are higher outside a cell than inside |
front 59 If a red blood cell is placed in a very dilute solution, what will happen | back 59 The cell will burst |
front 60 Which of the following would be most detrimental to a cell’s survival? | back 60 4 defective genes involved in the production of ATP |
front 61 All hyperosmotic solutions are hypertonic. | back 61 False |
front 62 A box of dried pasta can sit on the shelf indefinitely without breaking down, but when we eat the pasta, starch is broken down into water and CO2. Energy stored in the bonds is released. The reason pasta breaks down in our bodies is that | back 62 Enzymes in our bodies lower the amount of energy required for chemical reactions to move forward |
front 63 Which of the following would be most likely to cross a cell’s plasma membrane by simple diffusion? | back 63 A small lipid |
front 64 Many choice: In type 2 diabetes mellitus, which component(s) of the insulin feedback loop is/are first disrupted? | back 64 The effector |
front 65 A gene is | back 65 A segment of DNA that codes for the amino acid sequence in a protein |
front 66 The portion of a cell membrane that forms the core (inside) of a lipid bilayer consists primarily of | back 66 Lipid |
front 67 Tissue that contains few cells and more extracellular protein fibers than ground substance | back 67 Dense connective tissue |
front 68 Which of the following epithelial tissue structures is best optimized
for transport? | back 68 Simple squamous epithelium |
front 69 Which of the following best describes dense connective tissue? | back 69 Tissue that consists mostly of extracellular matrix and has more protein fibers than ground substance. |
front 70 Feces must pass through the anus without disrupting the underlying tissue and no absorption of nutrients occurs in the anus. The anus is most likely lined with | back 70 Stratified squamous epithelial tissue |
front 71 The structural properties of connective tissue are primarily due to
the properties of | back 71 The ground substance in the tissue |
front 72 The lungs are lined with | back 72 Simple squamous epithelial tissue |
front 73 Which of the following is a dense connective tissue? | back 73 Tendon |
front 74 Where would you find the blood supply for epithelial cells? | back 74 In the connective tissue deep to the epithelium |
front 75 The structural properties of epithelial tissue are primarily due to
the structure of | back 75 The cells that make up the tissue |
front 76 Which of the following protein fibers resist stretch, but provide flexibility? | back 76 Collagen fibers |