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Instructions for Side by Side Printing
  1. Print the notecards
  2. Fold each page in half along the solid vertical line
  3. Cut out the notecards by cutting along each horizontal dotted line
  4. Optional: Glue, tape or staple the ends of each notecard together
  1. Verify Front of pages is selected for Viewing and print the front of the notecards
  2. Select Back of pages for Viewing and print the back of the notecards
    NOTE: Since the back of the pages are printed in reverse order (last page is printed first), keep the pages in the same order as they were after Step 1. Also, be sure to feed the pages in the same direction as you did in Step 1.
  3. Cut out the notecards by cutting along each horizontal and vertical dotted line
To print: Ctrl+PPrint as a list

29 notecards = 8 pages (4 cards per page)

Viewing:

Limbic System Hippocampus & Amygdala

front 1

Limbic means border. What is this border in between?

back 1

neocortex and the subcortical structures (diencephalon)

front 2

limbic system includes the

back 2

hippocampal formation

amygdala

septal nuclei

cingulate cortex

entorhinal cortex

perirhinal cortex

parahippocampal cortex

front 3

hippocampal formation typically refers to the

back 3

dentate gyrus, the hippocampus proper and the subicular cortex

front 4

hippocampal formation is located in the

back 4

temporal lobe of each cerebral cortex

front 5

back 5

septal nuclei
corpus callousum
cingulate gyrus
anterior commissure
thalamus
fornix
stria terminalis
hippocampal formation
mammillary body
mammillothalamic tract
amygdala

front 6

Two major pathways into and out of the hippocampus are the

back 6

fornix and entorhinal cortex

front 7

The precommissural branch of the fornix connects to the

back 7

septal, preoptic, ventral striatum, orbital cortex and anterior cingulate cortex

front 8

The postcommissural branch of the fornix connects to the

back 8

anterior nucleus of the thalamus and the mammillary bodies of the hypothalamus

front 9

The mammillary bodies are destroyed in _________ as the result of alcoholism and thiamine deficiency

back 9

Korsakoff’s syndrome

front 10

Patients with Korsakoff’s syndrome have profound difficulty forming _____ _______ because the mammillothalamic tract also goes to the anterior thalamic nucleus, the hippocampus can affect the thalamus indirectly as well as directly.

back 10

new memories

front 11

The anterior thalamic nuclei in turn connect to the _______. It projects back to the entorhinal cortex of parahippocampal gyrus, completing a “great” loop called the _______.

back 11

cingulate cortex

Papez circuit

front 12

The Papez circuit is involved in

back 12

learning and memory, emotion, and social behavior

front 13

The input paths are just the

back 13

reverse of the output paths

front 14

The _________ is a major source of inputs to the hippocampus

back 14

entorhinal cortex

front 15

The ____ cortex, ______ lobe cortex, ______, _____ cortex, and ______ bulb all have inputs to the hippocampus via the entorhinal cortex

back 15

cingulate

temporal

amygdala

orbital

olfactory

front 16

Information flows into and through the hippocampus by three principal pathways: 1. The ______ pathway from the entorhinal cortex to granule cells of the dentate gyrus

2. The ______ fiber pathway from the granule cell of the dentate gyrus to the pyramidal cells of the CA3 region of the hippocampus

3. The _____ collateral pathway from the CA3 region of the hippocampus to the
CA1 region of the hippocampus.

back 16

perforant

mossy

Schaffer

front 17

Amygdala is the integrative center for

back 17

emotions, emotional behavior, and motivation

front 18

major pathways communicate

back 18

bidirectionally and contain both efferent and afferent fibers

front 19

The amygdala receives inputs from all senses as well as ______

back 19

visceral inputs

front 20

Visceral inputs come from the

back 20

hypothalamus, septal area, orbital cortex, and parabrachial nucleus.

front 21

Auditory, visual and somatosensory
information comes from the

back 21

temporal and anterior cingulate cortices

front 22

Major Output Pathways of the Amygdala

back 22

1. Ventral amygdalofugal pathway
2. Stria terminalis
3. Directly to the hippocampus
4. Directly to the entorhinal cortex
5. Directly to the dorsomedial nucleus of the thalamus

front 23

Ventral amygdalofugal pathway

This pathway continues to the

back 23

anterior olfactory nucleus

anterior perforated substance

piriform cortex

orbitofrontal cortex

anterior cingulate cortex

ventral striatum

front 24

The ventral amygdalofugal pathway is important because it is a link whereby

back 24

motivation and drives can influence responses & is a link where responses are learned

front 25

Stimulation of the amygdala causes

back 25

intense emotion, such as aggression or fear.

front 26

Destructive lesions of the amygdala cause

back 26

tameness in animals, and a placid calmness in humans characterized as a flatness of affect.

front 27

did not become conditioned to colors followed by the loud horn. But when asked how many colors were presented and which were followed by the horn, their recall was correct.

back 27

amygdala patients

front 28

showed learning and conditioning to the colors followed by the horn, but could not recall which they were

back 28

hippocampal patients

front 29

no conditioning and had no explicit
memory about which colors were followed by the horn

back 29

lesions in both amygdala & hippocampal