front 1 Attitudes | back 1 The psychological tendency to evaluate an object with some degree of favor or disfavor Predispose our reaction to objects/people/events |
front 2 Can attitudes predict behavior? | back 2 When outside influences are minimal When the attitude and behavior are specific When you are made acutely aware of your attitudes |
front 3 Cognitive Dissonance | back 3 A state of tension resulting from two inconsistent attitudes |
front 4 Dissonance | back 4 Aversive emotional states Motivates us to regain consistency More like when your behaviors have consequences |
front 5 Aaronson and Mills (1959) | back 5 Observation: Effort justification "Discussion on the psychology of sex" Getting women to say sexual words for a club are more likely to stay compared to those who dont stay |
front 6 Effort Justification | back 6 The kinds of objectives that are the hardest for us to achieve, demand considerably more energy, and that we have to fight for, are what we consider to be the most valuable |
front 7 When are you most likely to need to reduce cognitive dissonance | back 7 Freely mad choice/decision Effort put into a decision/choice Behavior that conflicts with you review of yourself |
front 8 Classifying Psychological disorders | back 8 DSM-5-TR |
front 9 Problems with the DSM | back 9 The illusion of objectivity Homosexuality used to be considered an illness Categories vs. Dimensions
Risk of labels |
front 10 Why use the DSM | back 10 We still need classification Pinpoint condition Prognosis's |
front 11 Anxiety Disorder | back 11 More than one disorder is comorbidity Psychological disorders characterized by excessive fear and anxiety in the absence of true danger |
front 12 Generalized Anxiety Disorder | back 12 The unexplainable and continually tense, general state of autonomic arousal Free-floating anxiety Intrusive worries |
front 13 Panic Disorder | back 13 Recurrent, unexpected panic attacks Worry/concern over additional attacks |
front 14 What do we know about anxiety disorders? | back 14 evolution "prepares" us to be anxious and leads to a lot of false positives Cognitive factors matter attention to threatening stimuli, interpretation of stimuli, catastrophic cognitions there is a genetic component but not for specific types of anxiety disorders Exposure theory can be very effective |
front 15 Major depressive Disorder | back 15 For at least two weeks, depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day The feeling of worthlessness, guilt, fatigue, sleep problems, eating problems, hard to concentrate, thoughts of death |
front 16 What do we know about depression? | back 16 It is heterogeneous it's becoming more common among young people simplistic theories about neurotransmitters are not accurate Medication helps It tends to recur, but it also tends to get better |
front 17 Bipolar Disorder | back 17 Depression alternating with manic episodes
|
front 18 what do we know about bipolar disorder? | back 18 Our treatment options are still limited primarily lithium They have high genetic loading may involve reward over sensibility in the brain |
front 19 Schizophrenia | back 19 The "split" Positive symptoms:
Disorganized speech and behavior Negative Symptoms:
|
front 20 Positive symptoms | back 20 Are symptoms that are in excess or added to normal mental functioning |
front 21 Negative Symptoms | back 21 Symptoms that result in the loss or absence of normal function |
front 22 What do we know about schizophrenia? | back 22 Its is heterogenous and it has more spectrum Key neurotraumatic inclement do propane recall of glutamate Structural brain abnormalities: frontal lobes, ventricles, thalamus Possible excessive pruning of synapses in adolescence Pre-natal environment matters Genes and environmental matter |
front 23 role playing | back 23 your attitudes affect your behaviors, but your behavior can also affect you attitudes |
front 24 Personality vs. Situations | back 24 The power of the situation illusion became a reality |
front 25 The power of the situation | back 25 This is what happens when the powerful have control over the powerless group |
front 26 Zimbardo Explanation | back 26 He was in the study himself Role-playing prisoners and guards
Demand Characterizes:
|
front 27 Suggestibility | back 27 Adjust your behavior so it is in line with everybody |
front 28 Normative social influence | back 28 To get societal approval or avoid rejection |
front 29 Informational social influence | back 29 The group provides valuable information |
front 30 Conformity-ASCH | back 30 Adjusting your behavior to bring into line with a group standard 75% conformed at least once |
front 31 Increasing Conformity-Asch | back 31 At least 3 people in a group group is unanimous group is high-status/attractive no prior commitment to another response your response is public |
front 32 Milgram study (Obedience) | back 32 Random assignment
Obedience is highest when
Evidence that situation can be power |
front 33 Critiques of the study milgram study | back 33 The ethics of the study |
front 34 pyschopathology | back 34 Mean illness or disorder of the mind |
front 35 Etiology | back 35 The factor that contributes to its development |
front 36 Hippocrates | back 36 Often credited as the founder of modern medicine, they classified psychopathologies into mania, melancholia, and phrenitis, the latter characterized by mental confusion Resulted from the relative amount of "humor" or bodily fluids, a person possessed There was a physical bias |
front 37 Mania | back 37 Elevated mood that feels "like on top of the world" |
front 38 Categorical Approach | back 38 Which implies that a person either has a psychological disorder or does not fails to capture differences in the severity of a disorder |
front 39 Dimensional Approach | back 39 Which implies psychological disorders along a continuum on which people vary in degree rather than in kind fails to set a threshold an disorders and a range |
front 40 Research domain criteria | back 40 A method that defines basic aspects of functioning and considers them across multiple level of analysis, from genes to brain system to behavior |
front 41 Comorbidty | back 41 Though people may be diagnosed with two or more disorders, a dual diagnosis is common
|
front 42 p-factor | back 42 Was involved in all types of psychological disorders higher scores on the p factor were associated with more life impairment, such as suicide attempts, hospitalization
|
front 43 Diathesis-stress model | back 43 A diagnostic model proposes that a disorder may develop when an underlying vulnerability is coupled with a precipitating event Think about the interaction between environment and person at the onset of psychopathology |
front 44 Biological Factor | back 44 There is an important genetic factor Affect the production and levels of neurotransmitters and their receptor sites also the size and shape of the brain |
front 45 family system model | back 45 A diagnostic model that considers problems within an individual as indicating problems within the family problems |
front 46 Sociocultural model | back 46 A diagnostic that views psychology as the result of the interaction between individuals and their cultures |
front 47 Cognitive behavioral appraoch | back 47 A diagnosis model that views psychopathology as the result of learned, maladaptive thoughts and beliefs |
front 48 Internalizing disorders | back 48 Are characterized by negative emotions and they can be divided into broad categories that reflect the emotions of distress and fear Internalizing is more prevalent in women |
front 49 Externalizing disorders | back 49 Are characterized by impulsive or out of control behavior More seen in men |
front 50 Cultural norm and expectations | back 50 Wester cultures
Expectation of how women react to emotional distress is different |
front 51 Abnormality disorders | back 51 Schizophrenia Bipolar disorder |
front 52 Cultural syndromes | back 52 disorders that include a cluster of symptoms that are found in specific cultural groups or region |
front 53 specific Phobia | back 53 Fear of something that is disproportionate to the treat |
front 54 Social anxiety disorder | back 54 Fear of being negatively evaluted by others in a social setting |
front 55 Panic disorder | back 55 Sudden attacks of overwhelming terror |
front 56 agoraphobia | back 56 Fear of being in a situation from which one cannot escape, panic attacks |
front 57 Persistent depressive disorder | back 57 A form of depression that is not severe enough to diagnosed as major depressive disorder but last longer |
front 58 The role of culture and gender in depressive disorder | back 58 so prevalent leading causes to disability stigmatized in american cultural group higher rates in women |
front 59 Causes of depression | back 59 Monoamides neurotransmitters motivate behavior medication decrease levels of neurotransmitters |
front 60 Aaron Beck | back 60 described the causes for depression as negative thoughts and beliefs about one self refers these negative thoughts as cognitive Tirdad People with depression make errors with logic |
front 61 Cognitive tridad | back 61 Negative thoughts and beliefs of ones self |
front 62 learned helplessness | back 62 A cognitive model of depression in which people feel unable to control events in their lives |
front 63 Bipolar I disorder | back 63 A disorder characterized by extremely elevated moods during manic episodes and frequently depressive episodes as well Disturbances and hallucination |
front 64 Bipolar II disorder | back 64 A disorder characterized by alternating periods or extremely depressed and mildly elevated moods Hypomania Severe depression |
front 65 Delusions | back 65 False beliefs based on incorrect inferences about reality |
front 66 Halucination | back 66 False sensory perceptions that are experienced without an external source |
front 67 Catatonic Behavior | back 67 Where the show a decrease in responsive to the environment because negative symptoms are more resistant to medication researcher have speculated that positive and negative symptoms have different biological causes |
front 68 ADHD | back 68 A disorder characterized by restlessness, inattentive and impulsivity |
front 69 Etiology of ADHD | back 69 The causes ADHD
|
front 70 Schizophrenia Enviromental factors | back 70 Some research theorized that the increased stress of urban environment can trigger the onset of the disorder runs in families |