front 1 Catabolism | back 1 Involves the breakdown of complex organic molecules to extract energy and form simpler end products |
front 2 Anabolism | back 2 uses the energy to synthesize necessary macromolecules and cell structures from simple precursors |
front 3 Substrate | back 3 Promotes a reaction by serving as a physical site upon which the reactant molecules, can be positioned for various interactions |
front 4 Why can vitamin deficiencies prevent the complete holoenzyme from forming? | back 4 Because the most important components of coenzymes are vitamins. |
front 5 Thermal Energy | back 5 From molecular motion |
front 6 Radiant Energy | back 6 From visible light or other rays |
front 7 Electrical energy | back 7 From a flow of electrons |
front 8 Mechanical energy | back 8 From a physical change in position |
front 9 Atomic energy | back 9 From reactions in the nucleus of an atom |
front 10 Chemical energy | back 10 Present in the bonds of molecules |
front 11 Three main catabolic pathways of aerobic respiration | back 11 Glycolysis, Kreb's Cycle, Electron Transport Chain |
front 12 Enzymes are made of | back 12 proteins |
front 13 Holoenzyme | back 13 An enzyme complete with its apoenzyme and cofactors |
front 14 Apoenzyme | back 14 The protein part of an enzyme as opposed to the nonprotein or inorganic cofactors |
front 15 Cofactor | back 15 An enzyme accessory. It can be organic, such as coenzymes, or inorganic, such as Fe2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, or other metallic ions. |
front 16 Coenzyme | back 16 A complex organic molecule, several of which are derived from vitamins (e.g., nicotinamide or niacin, riboflavin). A coenzyme operates in conjunction with an enzyme. Coenzymes serve as transient carriers of specific atoms or functional groups during metabolic reactions. |
front 17 Nucleotide Analogs definition | back 17 a compound that is structurally similar to a nucleotide, which is a building block of DNA and RNA. Nucleotide analogs are used as anti-cancer and anti-viral drugs. "fake nucleotides" |
front 18 Nucleotide analogs (examples) | back 18 Acyclovir, Ribavirin, Azidothymidine |
front 19 What can Acyclovir combat? | back 19 Herpesviruses- herpes simplex virus infections , varicella zoster (chickenpox), and herpes zoster (shingles) |
front 20 What can Ribavirin combat? | back 20 Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), hemorrhagic fevers |
front 21 What can Azidothymidine combat? | back 21 HIV |
front 22 Strategies for Suspecting Drug Resistance and Identifying Drug Resistant Pathogens | back 22 Clinical Observation, In Vitro studies, gene copy number analysis, gene sequence comparison |
front 23 In vitro vs in vivo | back 23 In vitro- in a test tube In vivo- in the host |
front 24 Purines | back 24 Adenine, guanine |
front 25 Pyrimidines | back 25 Cytosine, thymine, uracil |
front 26 Neutrophils | back 26 The most common WBC, they have multilobed nuclei and are very phagocytic |
front 27 Cytochromes | back 27 The redox carriers of the electron transport chain that have a tightly bound metal atom responsible for accepting and donating electrons are |