front 1 Morphogenesis | back 1 The process by which an organism takes shape and the differentiated cells occupy their appropriate locations. |
front 2 Morula | back 2 a solid ball of cells resulting from division of a fertilized ovum, and from which a blastula is formed. |
front 3 Ovum | back 3 egg |
front 4 Cleavage order | back 4 1st and 2nd - vertical. 3rd - equatorial |
front 5 Blastomere | back 5 a cell formed by cleavage of a fertilized ovum |
front 6 Blastocoel | back 6 the fluid-filled cavity of a blastula |
front 7 Blastula | back 7 when blastocoel is fully formed |
front 8 Does embryo grow in size during cleavage phase? | back 8 no, only divides` |
front 9 Gastrulation | back 9 outer layers of cells migrate inward through blastopore, closing up blastocoel |
front 10 Blastopore | back 10 opening to archenteron |
front 11 gastrula | back 11 an embryo at the stage following the blastula, when it is a hollow cup-shaped structure having three layers of cells. |
front 12 Archenteron | back 12 The endoderm-lined cavity, formed during gastrulation, that develops into the digestive tract of an animal. |
front 13 Ectoderm makes up | back 13 •nervous system, epidermis, skin glands, inner ear, lens of the eye, adrenal medulla |
front 14 mesoderm becomes | back 14 •notochord, lining of coelem, muscles, skeleton, gonads, kidneys, circulatory system (most), lymphatic system, skin dermis, adrenal cortex |
front 15 Endoderm becomes | back 15 •digestive tract lining, organs that originate as outpockets of archenteron (liver, pancreas, gall bladder), thyroid, parathyroid, lungs, thymus, urinary bladder |
front 16 Why is adrenal medulla from ectoderm and adrenal cortex from mesoderm? | back 16 The adrenal medulla develops from the ectoderm because it arises from neural crest cells, which are derivatives of the ectoderm. The adrenal cortex, on the other hand, originates from the mesoderm because it is derived from the mesodermal layer of the early embryo |
front 17 Neuralation | back 17 the formation of the neural tube that is the basis for the nervous system |
front 18 Neural folds | back 18 Raised ridges in the neural plate that create the neural groove. |
front 19 Neural crest | back 19 A band of cells along the border where the neural tube pinches off from the ectoderm. Makes peripheral nervous system. |
front 20 What are some of the last things to finish developing in a fetus and why? | back 20 Lungs and nervous system. Not necessary in the womb, also nervous system is complex. |
front 21 Neural tube | back 21 when the neural folds fuse, creating a tube. Becomes central nervous system. |
front 22 Organogenesis | back 22 formation of organs after gastrulation |
front 23 Dorsal | back 23 toward the back |
front 24 Ventral | back 24 belly side |
front 25 Anterior | back 25 front of the body |
front 26 Posterior | back 26 back of body |
front 27 Caudal | back 27 toward the tail |
front 28 Rostral | back 28 toward the nose |
front 29 Neural tube arise from | back 29 dorsal ectoderm |
front 30 Notochord arises from | back 30 Dorsal mesoderm |
front 31 Somites | back 31 blocks of mesoderm that become vertabrae |
front 32 allantoic bladder | back 32 Will become the urinary bladder after birth; will store urine |
front 33 Kidney excretory order | back 33 Renal cortex, renal medulla (has renal pyramids), renal pelvis, ureter, bladder, urethra |
front 34 renal pelvis | back 34 central collecting region in the kidney |
front 35 Hormone that produce T cells | back 35 thymosin in thymus |
front 36 Hormone produced by parathyroid | back 36 • Parathyroid hormone (PTH) - signals osteoclasts to chew bone |
front 37 Hormone that builds bone | back 37 Calcitonin signals osteoblasts, produced by thyroid |
front 38 Where are hormones produced in pancreas? What hormones? | back 38 Islets of Langerhan. Alpha - glucagon. Beta - insulin. Delta - somatostatin. |
front 39 Which hormones does hypothalamus produce? | back 39 Oxytocin and ADH |
front 40 What hormone produced in pituitary gland travels to adrenal gland? Which zone, and what does it do? | back 40 ACTH - to zona fasiculata to produce glucocorticoids that lower inflammation and raise blood glucose levels (e.g. cortisone) |
front 41 What's the difference between LH and FSH? | back 41 FSH - follicle production (sperm and eggs). LH - controls ovulation, signals Leydig cells in males to produce testosterone. |
front 42 Where is calcitonin produced? | back 42 thyroid gland |
front 43 Seminal Vesicles | back 43 adds a sugary fluid to semen |
front 44 bulbourethra gland | back 44 lubrication |
front 45 Spermatogenesis | back 45 Formation of sperm |
front 46 seminiferous tubules | back 46 site of sperm production |
front 47 Pineal gland produces | back 47 melatonin |
front 48 Zona gomerulosa | back 48 Outermost, secretes mineralocorticoids, e.g. aldosterone, regulate minerals in kidneys |
front 49 Zona fasiculata | back 49 Regulated by ACTH, produces glucocorticoids, e.g. cortisone. Reduce inflammation and increase blood glucose. |
front 50 Zona reticularis | back 50 secretes androgens |
front 51 Adrenal medulla secretes | back 51 epinephrine and norepinephrine |
front 52 Prostate gland secretes | back 52 alkaline fluid |
front 53 Is TSH to thymus or thyroid? | back 53 Thyroid |
front 54 Which hormone increases metabolism | back 54 TSH |
front 55 4 stages of embryo development | back 55 Fertilization, Cleavage, Gastrulation, Neurulation and Organogenesis |
front 56 neural tube comes from | back 56 Dorsal ectoderm |
front 57 Notochord comes from | back 57 Dorsal mesoderm |
front 58 Sertoli cells | back 58 cells found within the seminiferous tubules that provide metabolic support for the spermatids |
front 59 Spermatid | back 59 an immature male sex cell formed from a spermatocyte that can develop into a spermatozoon without further division. |
front 60 Identify brain sections | back 60 Frontal lobe, temporal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, medulla oblongata, pons, spinal cord |
front 61 Arises from endoderm | back 61 epithelial linings of digestive, respiratory, urogenital systems; associated glands |
front 62 in the absence of calcium ions, can myosin bind to actin? why and why not? | back 62 no, troponin and tropomyosin cover the myosin binding sites |