front 1 A potential risk factor for breast cancer includes | back 1 early menarche and late first pregnancy. |
front 2 The urinalysis finding most indicative of cystitis includes the presence of | back 2 nitrites. |
front 3 The most commonly ordered diagnostic test for evaluation of the urinary system is | back 3 ultrasonography. |
front 4 The HPV vaccine is recommended for 11- to 12-year-old girls, but can be administered to girls as young as _____ years of age. | back 4 9 |
front 5 Sexual impotence is rarely because of | back 5 primary causes. |
front 6 The prognosis of penile carcinoma depends upon the stage of the disease. | back 6 True |
front 7 The most common cause of urinary obstruction in male newborns and infants is urethral valves. | back 7 True |
front 8 The disorder characterized by a neurologic lesion that affects bladder control is | back 8 neurogenic bladder. |
front 9 The best intervention for acute kidney injury (AKI) is prevention. | back 9 True |
front 10 A patient, age 3, has vesicoureteral reflux. “Why does that make him have so many bladder infections?” asks his mother. The nurse’s best response is | back 10 “When he urinates, urine runs back toward his kidneys and then into the bladder again, making it easy for bacteria to grow if they reach the bladder.” |
front 11 Hypotension is both a cause of chronic kidney disease and a result of chronic kidney disease. | back 11 False |
front 12 Infection can lead to bladder stone formation. | back 12 True |
front 13 The difference between stress incontinence and urge incontinence is that stress incontinence | back 13 is caused by a pelvic floor muscle problem, whereas urge incontinence is caused by a problem with the detrusor muscle. |
front 14 The most frequent initial symptom of bladder cancer is | back 14 hematuria. |
front 15 A change occurring in a pregnant woman that is indicative of a potential disorder is | back 15 increased urinary protein. |
front 16 Vesicoureteral reflux is associated with | back 16 recurrent cystitis. |
front 17 A patient who has difficulty walking without assistance is incontinent of urine when help doesn’t get to her quickly enough. The term for this type of incontinence is | back 17 functional. |
front 18 The expected treatment of a pregnant woman with hyperemesis gravidarum is | back 18 intravenous therapy. |
front 19 Activation of parasympathetic nerves to the bladder will cause | back 19 bladder contraction. |
front 20 What reproductive tract disorder is most likely to be associated with urinary stress incontinence? | back 20 Cystocele |
front 21 Findings that should prompt an evaluation for renal cancer include | back 21 hematuria. |
front 22 The individual at highest risk of pyelonephritis who requires monitoring for signs of its occurrence is the | back 22 man who has chronic urinary tract infections. |
front 23 The urea-splitting bacteria contribute to the formation of ________ kidney stones. | back 23 struvite |
front 24 It is true that polycystic kidney disease is | back 24 genetically transmitted. |
front 25 If acute tubular necrosis (ATN) does not resolve and continued tubular dysfunction ensues, the patient will then experience | back 25 polyuria and sodium wasting. |
front 26 Appropriate therapy for prerenal kidney injury includes | back 26 fluid administration. |
front 27 Individuals with end-stage chronic renal disease are at risk for renal osteodystrophy and spontaneous bone fractures, because | back 27 they are deficient in active vitamin D. |
front 28 Postrenal acute kidney injury may be caused by | back 28 bilateral kidney stones. |
front 29 A major modifiable risk factor for nephrolithiasis is | back 29 dehydration. |
front 30 Calcium oxylate stone formation is facilitated by | back 30 hypercalciuria. |
front 31 When a patient experiencing nephrotic syndrome asks, “What causes my urine to be so full of protein,” the nurse’s response is based on the knowledge that | back 31 the glomerular membrane has increased permeability. |
front 32 The pain that accompanies kidney disorders is called | back 32 nephralgia. |
front 33 The patient most at risk for postrenal acute kidney injury is a(n) | back 33 elderly patient with hypertrophy of the prostate. |
front 34 Appropriate management of end-stage renal disease includes | back 34 erythropoietin administration. |
front 35 The most common type of renal stone is | back 35 calcium. |
front 36 Osteoporosis commonly occurs in patients with end-stage renal disease because of | back 36 hyperparathyroidism. |
front 37 Hyperlipidemia occurs in nephrotic syndrome because | back 37 hepatocytes synthesize excessive lipids. |
front 38 What problem is a patient likely to experience in end-stage renal disease? | back 38 Uremia |
front 39 In patients with polycystic kidney disease, renal failure is expected to progress over time as the cystic process destroys more nephrons. At what point will a patient reach end-stage renal disease? | back 39 Greater than 90% nephron loss |
front 40 The most helpful laboratory value in monitoring the progression of declining renal function is | back 40 serum creatinine. |
front 41 Cryptorchidism is | back 41 associated with an increased incidence of testicular cancer. |
front 42 A progressive decrease in the force of the urinary stream, dribbling of urine, and difficulty initiating the urinary stream are characteristic of | back 42 prostatic enlargement. |
front 43 Cervical cancer can be detected in the early, curable stage by the ________ test. | back 43 Papanicolaou |
front 44 A person is unaware that his bladder is full of urine, but complains that he is leaking urine almost constantly. The most accurate term for this type of incontinence is | back 44 overflow. |
front 45 A patient has ureteral colic. The manifestation that requires immediate notification of the physician is | back 45 chills and fever. |
front 46 The greatest risk factor for bladder cancer is | back 46 smoking. |
front 47 The patient reports persistent pelvic pain and urinary frequency and urgency. She says the pain improves when she empties her bladder. She does not have a fever and her repeated urinalyses over the past months have been normal, although she has a history of frequent bladder infections. She also has a history of fibromyalgia and hypothyroidism. Based on her history and complaints, her symptoms are characteristic of | back 47 interstitial cystitis. |
front 48 In addition to renal colic pain, signs or symptoms of ureteral stones may frequently include | back 48 hematuria. |
front 49 Phimosis is a disorder of the penis characterized by | back 49 inability to retract the foreskin. |
front 50 A ureterocele is | back 50 a cystic dilation of a ureter. |
front 51 Endometriosis is a condition in which | back 51 ectopic endometrial tissue is present. |
front 52 The most common agent resulting in nephrotoxicity and subsequent acute tubular necrosis (ATN) in hospitalized patients is | back 52 contrast media. |
front 53 The most common direct cause of acute pyelonephritis is | back 53 infection by E. coli. |
front 54 One of the most common causes of acute tubular necrosis (ATN) is | back 54 ischemic conditions. |
front 55 A person who is diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome is also experiencing hypoalbuminemia. This happens because | back 55 albumin is excreted in the urine. |
front 56 Nephrotic syndrome does not usually cause | back 56 hematuria. |
front 57 The type of glomerulonephritis which is most likely to result in a swift decline in renal function that then progresses to acute kidney injury is | back 57 crescentic glomerulonephritis. |
front 58 The most common cause of ischemic acute tubular necrosis (ATN) in the United States is | back 58 sepsis. |
front 59 The major underlying factor leading to the edema associated with glomerulonephritis and nephrotic syndrome is | back 59 proteinuria. |
front 60 The condition characterized by oliguria and hematuria is | back 60 acute glomerulonephritis. |
front 61 A patient with renal disease is at risk for developing uremia as the nephrons progressively deteriorate, because | back 61 GFR declines. |
front 62 The major cause of glomerulonephritis is | back 62 immune system damage to the glomeruli. |
front 63 The most common sign/symptom of renal calculi is | back 63 pain. |
front 64 The infection frequently associated with development of postinfectious acute glomerulonephritis is | back 64 throat infection. |
front 65 In addition to E. coli, a risk factor for development of pyelonephritis isGroup of answer choices | back 65 urinary retention and reflux. |
front 66 Treatment of a uterine prolapse may involve the insertion of a(n) ________ to hold the uterus in place. | back 66 pessary. |
front 67 The defining characteristic of severe acute kidney injury is | back 67 oliguria. |
front 68 Detrusor muscle overactivity can be improved by administration of | back 68 botulinum toxin. |
front 69 Urinary retention with consistent or intermittent dribbling of urine is called | back 69 overflow incontinence. |
front 70 Absence of menstruation is called | back 70 amenorrhea. |
front 71 The microorganism that causes the vast majority of urinary tract infections is | back 71 Escherichia coli. |
front 72 Anemia in people who have end-stage chronic renal disease is caused by | back 72 decreased secretion of erythropoietin. |
front 73 A 32-year-old female complaining of severe pain with menstruation and inability to participate in her routine household activities is likely experiencing | back 73 dysmenorrhea. |
front 74 The pathology report for a patient with penile cancer has this statement: The tumor involves the shaft of the penis. The cancer is at what stage? | back 74 Stage II |
front 75 Pelvic floor muscle training is appropriate for | back 75 urge incontinence. |
front 76 The condition in which the urethra opens on the dorsal aspect of the penis is known as | back 76 epispadias. |
front 77 The most likely cause of acidosis in a patient with end-stage renal disease is | back 77 insufficient metabolic acid excretion resulting from nephron loss. |
front 78 The effect on the renal tubules during the postoliguric phase of acute tubular necrosis involves | back 78 regeneration of the renal tubular epithelium. |
front 79 A common component of renal calculi is | back 79 calcium. |
front 80 Gastrointestinal drainage, perioperative and postoperative hypotension, and hemorrhage may all contribute to renal failure by causing | back 80 acute tubular necrosis. |
front 81 The risk for contrast media–induced acute tubular necrosis (ATN) is highest in | back 81 a 70-year-old patient with heart failure. |
front 82 The consequence of an upper urinary tract obstruction in a single ureter is | back 82 hydronephrosis |
front 83 The main clinical manifestation of a kidney stone obstructing the ureter is | back 83 renal colic. |
front 84 The pathophysiologic basis of acute glomerulonephritis is | back 84 an immune complex reaction |
front 85 Uterine prolapse is caused by a relaxation of the | back 85 cardinal ligaments. |
front 86 A patient being treated for acute tubular necrosis (ATN) develops mild polyuria. The nurse responds to questions about why this occurring by statingGroup of answer choices | back 86 “His renal tubules are recovering, so he is making more urine, but he is not able to concentrate urine well, because he is not fully recovered.” |
front 87 The direct cause of stress incontinence is | back 87 pelvic muscle weakness. |
front 88 A 52-year-old female had a surgical procedure in which the breast, lymphatics, and underlying muscle were removed. The procedure performed was a | back 88 radical mastectomy. |
front 89 A patient injured severely in a motor vehicle accident is hospitalized with acute kidney injury as well as multiple broken bones and lacerations. When family members ask what is meant by the term ‘prerenal,’ the nurse responds | back 89 “Your husband’s kidney injury did not start in the kidney itself, but rather in the blood flow to the kidney.” |
front 90 A breast lump that is painless, hard, and unmoving is most likely | back 90 carcinoma. |
front 91 The most common types of uterine tumors are known asGroup of answer choices | back 91 leiomyomas. |
front 92 Nephrotic syndrome involves loss of large amounts of ________ in the urine | back 92 protein |
front 93 At his most recent clinic visit, a patient with end-stage renal disease is noted to have edema, congestive signs in the pulmonary system, and a pericardial friction rub. Appropriate therapy at this time would includeGroup of answer choices | back 93 initiation of dialysis. |
front 94 The most common cause of intrinsic kidney injury is _____ injury.Group of answer choices | back 94 tubular |
front 95 A primary laboratory finding in end-stage chronic renal disease isGroup of answer choices | back 95 increased serum creatinine. |
front 96 A patient diagnosed with a micropenis must be evaluated for | back 96 endocrine disorders. |
front 97 The condition associated with end-stage chronic renal disease that is the most immediately life threatening is | back 97 hyperkalemia. |
front 98 Signs consistent with a diagnosis of glomerulonephritis include | back 98 proteinuria. |