front 1 Government | back 1 Formal institutions through which a territory is ruled. |
front 2 Public goods | back 2 Goods that benefit everyone but that no individual or group on its own could afford. (ex. foreign defense) |
front 3 Autocracy | back 3 A form of government in which there is a single ruler. (ex. king or dictator) |
front 4 Oligarchy | back 4 A small group controls most of the decisions. (ex. land owners, military officers, or wealthy persons) |
front 5 Democracy | back 5 A system in which citizens elect key public officials. |
front 6 Constitutional Government | back 6 A system of rule in which formal and effective limits are placed on government powers. |
front 7 Authoritarion Government | back 7 Government recognizes no formal limits but may be restrained by the power of other social institutions. (some limits) |
front 8 Totalitarion Government | back 8 Government recognizes no formal limits on its power and seeks to absorb or eliminate other social institutions that may challenge it. (no limits) |
front 9 Lassez-faire capatalism | back 9 An economic system in which the means of production and distribution are privately owned and operated for profit with minimal or no government interference. |
front 10 Politics | back 10 Conflict over leadership, structures, and policies of government. |
front 11 Representative democracy | back 11 A system of government in which officials are democracy elected to make decisions. |
front 12 Direct democracy | back 12 A system of rule in which citizens vote directly to make decisions. |
front 13 Pluralism | back 13 The theory that all interests are and should be free to compete for influence in the government; the outcome of this competition is compromise and moderation. |
front 14 Political knowledge | back 14 Possessing information about the formal institutions of government, political actors, and political issues. |
front 15 Digital citizenship | back 15 Using the internet and social media. |
front 16 Political efficacy | back 16 Citizens trust in their ability to change the government and believe that they can understand and influence political affairs. |
front 17 Political culture | back 17 The effect culture has on politics. |
front 18 Liberty | back 18 Freedom from government and control. |
front 19 Political equality | back 19 The right to participate in politics. - "All men are created equal" - "One person one vote" |
front 20 Limited government | back 20 A political structure where laws limit the powers of government. |
front 21 Popular sovereignty | back 21 A principle of democracy in which political authority rests ultimately in the hands of the people. |
front 22 Boston Tea Party | back 22 Antitax Americans blocked the unloading of taxed tea, resulting in its return to Britain. A group led by Samuel Adams boarded the 3 shiploads of unsold tea and threw it into the harbor. |
front 23 Declaration of Independence | back 23 The attempt to identify and put into words a history and set of principles to forge national unity. The government couldn't deprive people of certain "unalienable rights" (life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness) |
front 24 John Locke | back 24 Social contract theory: Argued that government needs the consent of the people. |
front 25 Articles of Confederation | back 25 America's first written constitution; served as the basis for American national government till 1789. |
front 26 Shay's Rebellion | back 26 A former army captain led a mob of debt-ridden farmers in an effort to prevent foreclosures on their land. |
front 27 3/5ths compromise | back 27 Five slaves counted as three people. |
front 28 Constitution | back 28 The supreme law of the USA. |
front 29 Seperation of power | back 29 The legislative, executive, and judicial functions of government are divided among separate and independent branches. |
front 30 Divided constituencies | back 30 A body of citizens entitled to elect a representative. (as to a legislative or executive office) |
front 31 Federalism | back 31 System of shared powers, divided between a central government and the state government. |
front 32 Bill of Rights | back 32 The first 10 amendments; ensures certain rights and liberties to the people. |
front 33 Montesquieu | back 33 The principle source of the theory of separation of powers. |
front 34 Expressed powers | back 34 Specific powers granted by the constitution to congress and the president. |
front 35 Implied powers | back 35 Political powers granted to the United States government that aren't explicitly stated in the Constitution. |
front 36 Checks & balances | back 36 Provides each branch of government with individual powers to check the other branches and prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful. |
front 37 Bicameral legislature | back 37 House and senate. |
front 38 Judicial review | back 38 Judicial review is the idea, fundamental to the U.S. system of government, that the actions of the executive and legislative branches of government are subject to review and possible invalidation by the judiciary. |
front 39 Supremacy Clause | back 39 It establishes that the federal constitution, and federal law generally, take precedence over state laws, and even state constitutions. |
front 40 Federalists | back 40 The party favored centralization, federalism, modernization, industrialization, and protectionism. |
front 41 Anti-Federalists | back 41 Opposed the ratification of the 1787 U.S. Constitution because they feared that the new national government would be too powerful and thus threaten individual liberties, given the absence of a bill of rights. |
front 42 Federalist papers | back 42 The Federalist Papers is a collection of 85 articles and essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay under the collective pseudonym "Publius" to promote the ratification of the Constitution of the United States. |
front 43 Tyranny | back 43 A nation under a cruel and oppressive government. |
front 44 Amendment | back 44 Minor change or addition designed to improve a text, piece of legislation, etc. |
front 45 Civil Liberties | back 45 Protections from improper government action. |
front 46 Habeas Corpus | back 46 A court order demanding that an individual in custody be brought into court and shown the course for detention. |
front 47 Nationalizing the Bill of Rights | back 47 The U.S. Supreme Court began applying the Bill of Rights to state actions. |
front 48 Selective incorporation | back 48 The process by which different protections in the Bill of Rights were incorporated into the 14th amendment, guaranteeing citizens protection from state as well as national governments. |
front 49 1st Amendment rights | back 49 Freedom of religion. |
front 50 Establishment clause | back 50 The government can't impose religion on anyone. |
front 51 Free excercise clause | back 51 Freedom to practice one's own religion. |
front 52 Lemon Test | back 52 Test to find out if a religious school can get aide. - Cannot be used for religious purposes - Cannot encourage or discourage religion - Cannot entangle the government in religion |
front 53 Political speech | back 53 The ability to challenge government through speech with no punishment. |
front 54 Expressive speech | back 54 no data |
front 55 Commercial speech | back 55 Not protected and likely to face consequences. |
front 56 Libel | back 56 A written statement that is considered damaging to a victim. |
front 57 Slander | back 57 An oral statement that is considered damaging to the victim. |
front 58 2nd Amendment | back 58 The right to bear arms. |
front 59 Due process of law | back 59 Due process balances the power of law of the land and protects the individual person from it. |
front 60 Double jeopardy | back 60 A procedural defense that prevents an accused person from being tried again on the same (or similar) charges. |
front 61 Exclusionary rule | back 61 Law that prevents evidence collected or analyzed in violation of the defendant's constitutional rights from being used in a court of law. |
front 62 Miranda Warning | back 62 The Miranda warning is a type of notification customarily given by police to criminal suspects in police custody advising them of their rights. |
front 63 Eminet domain | back 63 The power of the government to take private property and convert it into public use. |
front 64 Rights to privacy | back 64 The right to privacy is an element of various legal traditions that intend to restrain governmental and private actions that threaten the privacy of individuals. |
front 65 USA patriot act | back 65 Granted more authority to federal law enforcement agencies. (creation of homeland security) |