front 1 Legionnaires disease is characterized by | back 1 presence of systemic illness. |
front 2 When exposed to inhaled allergens, a patient with asthma produces large quantities of | back 2 IgE. |
front 3 Which is indicative of a left tension pneumothorax? | back 3 Absent breath sounds on the left |
front 4 Widespread atelectasis, non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema, and diffuse, fluffy alveolar infiltrates on chest radiograph are characteristic of | back 4 acute respiratory distress syndrome. |
front 5 To best prevent emphysema, a patient is instructed to stop smoking since cigarette smoke | back 5 impairs α1-antitrypsin, allowing elastase to predominate. |
front 6 After evaluation, a child’s asthma is characterized as “extrinsic.” This means that the asthma is | back 6 associated with specific allergic triggers. |
front 7 The increased anterior-posterior chest diameter associated with obstructive lung disease is caused by | back 7 increased residual lung volumes. |
front 8 Which complication of asthma is life threatening? | back 8 Status asthmaticus |
front 9 A restrictive respiratory disorder is characterized by | back 9 decreased residual volume. |
front 10 Obstructive sleep apnea would most likely be found in a patient diagnosed with | back 10 Pickwickian syndrome. |
front 11 A patient with a productive cough and parenchymal infiltrates on x-ray is demonstrating symptomology of | back 11 bacterial pneumonia. |
front 12 Which assessment would support a diagnosis of type A COPD rather than type B COPD | back 12 Normal PaCO2, scant sputum, accessory muscle use, barrel chest |
front 13 The characteristic x-ray findings in tuberculosis include | back 13 Ghon tubercles. |
front 14 Airway obstruction in chronic bronchitis is because of | back 14 thick mucus, fibrosis, and smooth muscle hypertrophy. |
front 15 Accumulation of fluid in the pleural space is called | back 15 pleural effusion. |
front 16 Allergic (extrinsic) asthma is associated with | back 16 IgE-mediated airway inflammation. |
front 17 A patient with flail chest will demonstrate | back 17 outward chest movement on expiration. |
front 18 An increase in the resting membrane potential (hyperpolarized) is associated with | back 18 hypokalemia. |
front 19 The assessment findings of a 5-year-old with a history of asthma include extreme shortness of breath, nasal flaring, coughing, pulsus paradoxus, and use of accessory respiratory muscles. There is no wheezing and the chest is silent in many areas. How should you interpret your assessment? | back 19 The child may be having such a severe asthma episode that the airways are closed, so start oxygen and get the doctor immediately. |
front 20 Early manifestations of a developing metabolic acidosis include | back 20 headache. |
front 21 The fraction of total body water (TBW) volume contained in the intracellular space in adults is | back 21 two thirds. |
front 22 Clinical manifestations of moderate to severe hypokalemia include | back 22 muscle weakness and cardiac dysrhythmias. |
front 23 The ________ system compensates for metabolic acidosis and alkalosis. | back 23 respiratory |
front 24 Effects of hypernatremia on the central nervous system typically include | back 24 confusion. |
front 25 Hyperaldosteronism causes | back 25 ECV excess and hypokalemia. |
front 26 Causes of hypomagnesemia include | back 26 chronic alcoholism. |
front 27 A person who experiences a panic attack and develops hyperventilation symptoms may experience | back 27 numbness and tingling in the extremities. |
front 28 Signs and symptoms of clinical dehydration include | back 28 decreased urine output. |
front 29 Diarrhea causes | back 29 metabolic acidosis. |
front 30 Signs and symptoms of extracellular fluid volume excess include | back 30 bounding pulse. |
front 31 Two primary acid-base disorders that are present independently are referred to as | back 31 mixed acid-base imbalance. |
front 32 The person at highest risk for developing hypernatremia is a person who | back 32 receives tube feedings because he or she is comatose after a stroke. |
front 33 Total body water in older adults is | back 33 decreased because of increased adipose tissue and decreased muscle mass. |
front 34 The finding of ketones in the blood suggests that a person may have | back 34 metabolic acidosis. |
front 35 The imbalance that occurs with oliguric renal failure is | back 35 hyperkalemia. |
front 36 Hypernatremia may be caused by | back 36 decreased antidiuretic hormone secretion. |
front 37 A person who overuses magnesium-aluminum antacids for a long period of time is likely to develop | back 37 hypophosphatemia. |
front 38 Which electrolyte imbalances cause increased neuromuscular excitability? | back 38 Hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia |
front 39 Causes of metabolic acidosis include | back 39 tissue anoxia. |
front 40 Clinical manifestations of severe symptomatic hypophosphatemia are caused by | back 40 deficiency of ATP. |
front 41 COPD leads to a barrel chest, because it causes | back 41 air trapping. |
front 42 Copious amounts of foul-smelling sputum are generally associated with | back 42 bronchiectasis. |
front 43 The hallmark manifestation of acute respiratory distress syndrome is | back 43 hypoxemia. |
front 44 Emphysema results from destruction of alveolar walls and capillaries, which is because of | back 44 release of proteolytic enzymes from immune cells. |
front 45 The hypersecretion of mucus resulting for chronic bronchitis is the result of | back 45 recurrent infection. |
front 46 Individuals who have chronic bronchitis most often have | back 46 a productive cough. |
front 47 Which clinical manifestation is not likely the result of a tuberculosis infection? | back 47 Cyanosis |
front 48 Chronic bronchitis often leads to cor pulmonale because of | back 48 increased pulmonary vascular resistance. |
front 49 When a client diagnosed with COPD type A asks, “Why is my chest so big and round?”, the nurse responds that | back 49 “Loss of elastic tissue in your lungs allows your airways to close and trap air, which makes your chest round.” |
front 50 Viral pneumonia is characterized by | back 50 a dry cough. |
front 51 Abnormalities in intracellular regulation of enzyme activity and cellular production of ATP are associated with | back 51 hypophosphatemia. |
front 52 Metabolic alkalosis is often accompanied by | back 52 hypokalemia. |
front 53 The organism that causes pulmonary tuberculosis is | back 53 Mycobacterium tuberculosis. |
front 54 Bacterial pneumonia leads to hypoxemia caused by | back 54 accumulation of alveolar exudates. |
front 55 Clinical manifestations of hyponatremia include | back 55 confusion, lethargy, coma, and perhaps seizures |
front 56 When a parent asks how they will know if their 2-month-old baby, who is throwing up and has frequent diarrhea, is dehydrated, the nurse’s best response is | back 56 “If the soft spot on the top of his head feels sunken in and his mouth is dry between his cheek and his gums, then he is probably dehydrated.” |
front 57 The process responsible for distribution of fluid between the interstitial and intracellular compartments is | back 57 osmosis. |
front 58 A person who has hyperparathyroidism is likely to develop | back 58 hypercalcemia. |
front 59 Two primary acid-base disorders that are present independently are referred to as | back 59 mixed acid-base imbalance. |
front 60 What age group has a larger volume of extracellular fluid than intracellular fluid? | back 60 Infants. |
front 61 Manifestations from sodium imbalances occur primarily as a result of | back 61 cellular fluid shifts. |
front 62 A known cause of hypokalemia is | back 62 insulin overdose. |
front 63 Clinical manifestations of extracellular fluid volume deficit include | back 63 weak pulse, low blood pressure, and increased heart rate. |
front 64 The inward-pulling force of particles in the vascular fluid is called _____ pressure. | back 64 capillary osmotic |
front 65 Which change in a patient’s assessment has the greatest urgency? | back 65 Serum potassium concentration is increasing; has developed cardiac dysrhythmias, but denies any difficulty breathing |
front 66 Diarrhea and other lower intestinal fluid losses will contribute to | back 66 metabolic acidosis. |
front 67 Which acid are the kidneys unable to excrete? | back 67 Carbonic |
front 68 The electrolyte that has a higher concentration in the extracellular fluid than in the intracellular fluid is _____ ions. | back 68 sodium |
front 69 How is a patient hospitalized with a malignant tumor that secretes parathyroid hormone–related peptide monitored for the resulting electrolyte imbalance? | back 69 Serum calcium, bowel function, level of consciousness |