front 1 Nitrogen 78%` | back 1 Mostly in the form of N2 (unusable to plants without being fixed) |
front 2 Argon 0.93% | back 2 Inert, noble gas |
front 3 CO2 0.04% | back 3 Most important GHG; leads to global warming, removed from atmosphere by photosynthesis |
front 4 Oxygen 21% | back 4 Produced by photosynthesis in plants and is needed for human and animal respiration |
front 5 Water Vapor 0-4% | back 5 Varies by region and conditions; acts as a temporary GHG, but less concerning than CO2, quickly cycles through atmosphere |
front 6 What is the order of the earth's atmosphere #1 | back 6 Troposphere: Tropo= change, weather occurs here, 0-16km, most dense due to the pressure of the other layers above it, most of the atmosphere gas molecules are found here, ozone in the troposphere is harmful to humans |
front 7 What is the order of the earth's atmosphere #2 | back 7 Stratosphere: "S" for second, 16-60 km, less dense due to pressure from layers above, thickest O2 layer is found here, absorbs UV-B and UV-C rays which can mutate DNA of animals (cancer) |
front 8 What is the order of the earth's atmosphere #3 | back 8 Mesosphere: Meso= for middle, 60-80km, even less dense |
front 9 What is the order of the earth's atmosphere #4 | back 9 Thermosphere: Them= hottest temp, absorbs harmful X-rays and UV radiation, charges gas molecules glow under intense solar radiation producing northern lights (aurora borealis) |
front 10 What is the order of the earth's atmosphere #5 | back 10 Exosphere: Outermost layer where atmosphere merges with space |
front 11 Temperature | back 11 Layers of earth's atmosphere are based on where temperature gradients change with distance from earth surface, as you move away from the earth it gets colder, with each layer above it will change from cold to hot |
front 12 Troposphere | back 12 temperature decreases as the air gets further from the warmth of earth's surface |
front 13 Stratosphere | back 13 temp increases because top layer of stratosphere is warmed by UV rays (like pool surface) |
front 14 Mesosphere | back 14 temp decreases because density decreases, leaving fewer molecules to absorb the sun, the coldest place on earth -150 degrees |
front 15 Thermosphere | back 15 temp increases due to the absorption of highly energetic solar radiation, the hottest place on earth 3,100 degrees |
front 16 4.4 takeaways | back 16 1. the atmosphere is made of a mix of gases in varying percentages 2. layers of the atmosphere thin out as you travel higher 3. temperature oscillates for various reasons including content and radaiton |
front 17 Hadley cell #1 | back 17 More direct sunlight at the equator warms the air, warm air rises |
front 18 Hadley cell #2 | back 18 Warm air rises, cools, and expands, H20 vapor condenses into rain, warm air holds more moisture than cold |
front 19 Hadley cell #3 | back 19 Air continues to rise, cool, and expand, rising air expands and cools |
front 20 Hadley cell #4 | back 20 Cooling, expanding air spreads out, cool air cant hold as much H2O vapor (condenses and turns into rain) |
front 21 Hadley cell #5 | back 21 Cool, dry air sinks back down to earth at 30 degrees North and South, deserts form here due to lack of moisture in air, after cooling and expanding, air sinks |
front 22 Coriolis effect | back 22 deflection of objects traveling through atmosphere due to spin of earth |
front 23 Coriolis effect air at 30 degrees | back 23 moves back to low pressure of equator |
front 24 Coriolis effect wind between 0-30 degrees | back 24 moves from east to west because earth is spinning west to east |
front 25 Coriolis effect wind between 30-60 degrees | back 25 moves west to east because earth spins faster at 30 degrees than at 60 degrees |
front 26 Global Wind Patterns 0 degrees | back 26 Low pressure |
front 27 Global Wind Patterns 30 degrees | back 27 High pressure |
front 28 Global Wind Patterns 60 degrees | back 28 Low pressure |
front 29 4.5 takeaways | back 29 1. winds are driven by certain factors: solar radiation and the Coriolis effect 2. these factors lead to patterns that are predictable 3. wind patterns can lead to patterns in climate and habits at thoes climates |