front 1 What are the 2 types of cells? | back 1 Eukaryotic and prokaryotic |
front 2 What does eukaryotic mean? | back 2 have true, membrane bound nuclei |
front 3 What does prokaryotic mean? | back 3 before having a nucleus |
front 4 What are some traits of eukaryotic cells? | back 4 -membrane bound nucleus -linear chromosomes -contain organelles -10x larger than prokaryotic cells |
front 5 What are some examples of eukaryotic cells? | back 5 Animals, plants, fungi, protist |
front 6 What are some traits of prokaryotic cells? | back 6 -no membrane bound nucleus -DNA is confined to a nucleoid region -DNA is circular |
front 7 What are some examples of prokaryotic cells? | back 7 Most are bacteria |
front 8 What does morphology mean? | back 8 The shape and form of an organism |
front 9 What are the 3 shapes of bacteria? | back 9 cocci, baccili, and spirilla |
front 10 What is cocci? | back 10 round |
front 11 What is baccili? | back 11 rod-shaped |
front 12 What is spirilla? | back 12 Spiral |
front 13 How do you look at the shape of a bacteria? | back 13 Using a light microscope with oil immersion |
front 14 What are the 3 bacterial arrangements? | back 14 1. staphylo- 2. diplo- 3. strepto- |
front 15 What is staphylo- | back 15 clusters |
front 16 what is diplo- | back 16 pairs |
front 17 What is strepto- | back 17 string like chains |
front 18 What color does gram negative stain? | back 18 red |
front 19 What color does gram positive stain? | back 19 violet (purple) |
front 20 What do gram positive bacteria have? | back 20 -A multilayered network of amino acids that form a cell wall. -20-40 layers of peptidoglycan -cell walls are 50 nm thick |
front 21 What do gram negative bacteria have? | back 21 -Much thinnner walls of peptidoglycan -Cell walls are covered by outer membrane of lipid and protein(gram stain cannot penetrate this layer) -LPS (in the outer membrane) |
front 22 Which gram test is harder to treat? | back 22 Gram negative because of the outer membrane |
front 23 What is a cyanobacteria? | back 23 a photosynthetic prokaryote that contains chlorophyll a. They have a filamentous shape |
front 24 Where is the chlorophyll a found? | back 24 Throughout the cytoplasm in the thylakoid membrane |
front 25 What is a streak plate? | back 25 allow discrete colonies to be isolated (colonies that are produced
from the replication of |
front 26 What is a slide plate? | back 26 quantify bacteria present by creating an even lawn of growth |
front 27 What is the nucleoid? | back 27 he fibrous region in the center of a prokaryotic cell which contains the genetic material of the cell (i.e. DNA) |
front 28 What is a ribosome? | back 28 granular bodies throughout the cytoplasm; responsible for protein translation |
front 29 What is the cell membrane? | back 29 a selectively permeable lipid bi-layer found in all cells. |
front 30 What is the cell wall? | back 30 a thicker more rigid structure, which contains peptidoglycan, a polymer of amino sugars and other polymers in some species; not selectively permeable. |
front 31 What is the capsule? | back 31 a layer of ‘slime’ outside the cell wall that forms a polysaccharide capsule; keeps cell hydrated; shields bacterium from host organisms’ immune system |
front 32 What is a mesosome? | back 32 whorls of membranous material that extend inward from the cell membrane; function is not well understood; may play a role in cell division or energy production |
front 33 What is a flagella? | back 33 threadlike organelles used in locomotion, composed of the protein flagellin |
front 34 What are the parts of a eukaryotic cell? | back 34 Golgi body, endoplasmic reticulum, and the mitchondria |
front 35 What is a vacule? | back 35 Stores water, pigment, and waste in plants |
front 36 What are plastids? | back 36 Speacialized organelles in plants that helps with photosynthesis. |
front 37 Plant and animal cells are made up of molecules that are what? | back 37 In constant (random) motion |
front 38 What is random motion? | back 38 bumping into one another and bouncing off another in a different direction. |
front 39 What is diffusion? | back 39 Random movement of molecules and does not require energy. |
front 40 True or false diffusion is more rapid in liquid and gasses than in solids | back 40 true |
front 41 How does temperature affect the rate of diffusion? | back 41 Molecules move faster in high tempature |
front 42 What is osmosis? | back 42 A special form of diffusion. When 2 solutions of different concentrations on opposite sides of a semi-permeable membrane. |
front 43 What is solvent? | back 43 the substance that dissolves the solute (ex: water) |
front 44 What is a solute? | back 44 Something that is dissolved in a solution |
front 45 What is chemical potential? | back 45 the measure of free energy to move one mole of a molecule. |
front 46 What is water potential? | back 46 The potential energy of water in a system compared to pure water at constant temp and pressure. |
front 47 What happens to water in osmosis? | back 47 It moves across the membrane towards a high solute concentration where the water potential is lower. |
front 48 The transport of water is described as... | back 48 a passive or active process |
front 49 What is passive transport? | back 49 The movement of a solute diffusing down a concentration gradient or moving across a semi-permeable membrane. (Ex: osmosis and diffusion) |
front 50 What is active transport? | back 50 requires energy and allows molecules to move against their concentration gradient. |
front 51 True or false this experiment must be performed in the fume hood because the substances are poisonous. | back 51 True |