front 1 An erroneously low blood pressure measurement may be caused by | back 1 positioning the arm above the heart level. |
front 2 Pulse pressure is defined as | back 2 systolic pressure – diastolic pressure. |
front 3 The majority of cardiac cells that die after myocardial infarction do so because of | back 3 apoptosis |
front 4 Patent ductus arteriosus is accurately described as a(n) | back 4 communication between the aorta and the pulmonary artery. |
front 5 Which serum biomarker(s) are indicative of irreversible damage to myocardial cells? | back 5 Elevated CK-MB, troponin I, and troponin T |
front 6 What results when systemic blood pressure is increased? | back 6 Vasoconstriction |
front 7 Patients presenting with symptoms of unstable angina and no ST segment elevation are treated with | back 7 antiplatelet drugs. |
front 8 Which finding is indicative of orthostatic hypotension in a person with a supine blood pressure (BP) of 110/70 and a heart rate (HR) of 100? | back 8 Sitting BP 88/60, HR 118 |
front 9 A middle-aged patient has a follow up visit for a recorded blood pressure of 162/96 mm Hg taken 3 weeks ago. The patient has no significant past medical history and takes no medications, but smokes 1 1/2 packs of cigarettes per day, drinks alcohol regularly, and exercises infrequently. The patient is about 40 lbs. overweight and admits to a high-fat, high-calorie diet. At the office visit today, the patient’s blood pressure is 150/92 mm Hg. What is the least appropriate intervention for this patient at this time? | back 9 Begin antihypertensive drug therapy. |
front 10 Which blood pressure reading is considered to be indicative of prehypertension according to the JNC-7 criteria? | back 10 128/82 |
front 11 Hypertension with a specific, identifiable cause is known as _____ hypertension. | back 11 secondary |
front 12 A patient is diagnosed with cardiogenic shock. The patient is hyperventilating and is therefore at risk for the respiratory complication of respiratory acidosis. | back 12 False |
front 13 Angina caused by coronary artery spasm is called _____ angin | back 13 Prinzmetal variant |
front 14 Rheumatic heart disease is most often a consequence of | back 14 β-hemolytic streptococcal infection. |
front 15 Primary treatment for myocardial infarction (MI) is directed at | back 15 decreasing myocardial oxygen demands. |
front 16 A patient with significant aortic stenosis is likely to experience | back 16 syncope |
front 17 Critically ill patients may have parenterally administered vasoactive drugs that are adjusted according to their _____ pressure. | back 17 mean arterial |
front 18 An example of an acyanotic heart defect is | back 18 ventricular septal defect. |
front 19 New-organ damage is a function of both the stage of hypertension and its duration. | back 19 False |
front 20 After being diagnosed with hypertension, a patient returns to the clinic 6 weeks later. The patient reports “moderate” adherence to the recommended lifestyle changes and has experienced a decreased from 165/96 to 148/90 mm Hg in blood pressure. What is the most appropriate intervention for this patient at this time? | back 20 Continue lifestyle modifications only. |
front 21 Beta-blockers are advocated in the management of heart failure because they | back 21 reduce cardiac output. |
front 22 The therapy that most directly improves cardiac contractility in a patient with systolic heart failure is | back 22 digitalis |
front 23 Administration of which therapy is most appropriate for hypovolemic shock? | back 23 Crystalloids |
front 24 In contrast to all other types of shock, the hyperdynamic phase of septic shock is associated with | back 24 high cardiac output |
front 25 Massive release of histamine with consequent vasodilation and hypotension occurs with what type of shock? | back 25 Anaphylactic |
front 26 Lusitropic impairment refers to | back 26 impaired diastolic relaxation. |
front 27 Tachycardia is an early sign of low cardiac output that occurs because of | back 27 baroreceptor activity. |
front 28 Patients with structural evidence of heart failure who exhibit no signs or symptoms are classified into which New York Heart Association heart failure class? | back 28 Class I |
front 29 A patient who was involved in a fall from a tree becomes short of breath. The lung sounds are absent on one side. This patient is experiencing ________ shock. | back 29 Obstructive |
front 30 Increased preload of the cardiac chambers may lead to which patient symptom? | back 30 Edema |
front 31 Administration of a vasodilator to a patient in shock would be expected to | back 31 decrease left ventricular afterload. |
front 32 A type of shock that includes brain trauma that results in depression of the vasomotor center is cardiogenic. | back 32 False |
front 33 Overproduction of nitric oxide is an important aspect of the pathophysiologic process of what type of shock? | back 33 Septic |
front 34 A patient with pure left-sided heart failure is likely to exhibit | back 34 pulmonary congestion with dyspnea. |
front 35 A patient with cold and edematous extremities, low cardiac output, and profound hypotension is likely to be experiencing a progressive stage of ________ shoc | back 35 septic |
front 36 In which dysrhythmias should treatment be instituted immediately? | back 36 Atrial fibrillation with a ventricular rate of 220 beats/minute |
front 37 Improvement in a patient with septic shock is indicated by an increase in | back 37 systemic vascular resistance. |
front 38 The effect of nitric oxide on systemic arterioles is | back 38 vasodilation |
front 39 The majority of cases of anaphylactic shock occur when a sensitized individual comes in contact with | back 39 antibiotics |
front 40 Cardiogenic shock is characterized by | back 40 reduced cardiac output. |