front 1 A patient presents to the emergency department with a diastolic blood pressure of 132 mm Hg, retinopathy, and symptoms of an ischemic stroke. This symptomology is likely the result of | back 1 hypertensive crisis. |
front 2 While hospitalized, an elderly patient with a history of myocardial infarction was noted to have high levels of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs). What is the significance of this finding? | back 2 Increased LDL levels are associated with increased risk of coronary artery disease. |
front 3 Mitral stenosis is associated with | back 3 a pressure gradient across the mitral valve. |
front 4 Critically ill patients may have parenterally administered vasoactive drugs that are adjusted according to their _____ pressure. | back 4 mean arterial |
front 5 An erroneously low blood pressure measurement may be caused by | back 5 positioning the arm above the heart level. |
front 6 New-organ damage is a function of both the stage of hypertension and its duration. | back 6 False |
front 7 Which blood pressure reading is considered to be indicative of prehypertension according to the JNC-7 criteria? | back 7 128/82 |
front 8 Hypotension, distended neck veins, and muffled heart sounds are classic manifestations of | back 8 Cardiac Tamponade |
front 9 A patient with a history of myocardial infarction continues to complain of intermittent chest pain brought on by exertion and relieved by rest. The likely cause of this pain is | back 9 stable angina |
front 10 High blood pressure increases the workload of the left ventricle, because it increases | back 10 afterload |
front 11 A middle-aged patient has a follow up visit for a recorded blood pressure of 162/96 mm Hg taken 3 weeks ago. The patient has no significant past medical history and takes no medications, but smokes 1 1/2 packs of cigarettes per day, drinks alcohol regularly, and exercises infrequently. The patient is about 40 lbs. overweight and admits to a high-fat, high-calorie diet. At the office visit today, the patient’s blood pressure is 150/92 mm Hg. What is the least appropriate intervention for this patient at this time? | back 11 Begin antihypertensive drug therapy. |
front 12 The majority of cardiac cells that die after myocardial infarction do so because of | back 12 apoptosis |
front 13 Primary treatment for myocardial infarction (MI) is directed at | back 13 decreasing myocardial oxygen demands. |
front 14 Rheumatic heart disease is most often a consequence of | back 14 β-hemolytic streptococcal infection. |
front 15 Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors block the | back 15 conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. |
front 16 What results when systemic blood pressure is increased? | back 16 Vasoconstriction |
front 17 Atherosclerotic plaques with large lipid cores are prone to | back 17 rupture |
front 18 A loud pansystolic murmur that radiates to the axilla is most likely a result of | back 18 mitral regurgitation |
front 19 An example of an acyanotic heart defect is | back 19 ventricular septal defect |
front 20 Which serum biomarker(s) are indicative of irreversible damage to myocardial cells? | back 20 Elevated CK-MB, troponin I, and troponin T |
front 21 Second-degree heart block type I (Wenckebach) is characterized by | back 21 lengthening PR intervals and dropped P wave. |
front 22 The majority of cases of anaphylactic shock occur when a sensitized individual comes in contact with | back 22 antibiotics |
front 23 The common denominator in all forms of heart failure is | back 23 reduced cardiac output |
front 24 In which stage of shock is a patient who has lost 1200 mL of blood, who has normal blood pressure when supine, but who experiences orthostatic hypotension upon standing? | back 24 Class II, Compensated Stage |
front 25 Sepsis has been recently redefined as | back 25 a systemic inflammatory response to infection. |
front 26 A patient with pure left-sided heart failure is likely to exhibit | back 26 pulmonary congestion with dyspnea. |
front 27 First-degree heart block is characterized by | back 27 prolonged PR interval. |
front 28 Hypertrophy of the right ventricle is a compensatory response to | back 28 pulmonary stenosis |
front 29 A laboratory test that should be routinely monitored in patients receiving digitalis therapy is | back 29 serum potatssium |
front 30 An abnormally wide (more than 0.10 second) QRS complex is characteristic of | back 30 premature ventricular complexes. |
front 31 Overproduction of nitric oxide is an important aspect of the pathophysiologic process of what type of shock? | back 31 Septic. |
front 32 Patients with structural evidence of heart failure who exhibit no signs or symptoms are classified into which New York Heart Association heart failure class? | back 32 Class I |
front 33 Beta-blockers are advocated in the management of heart failure because they | back 33 reduce cardiac output. |
front 34 Low cardiac output to the kidneys stimulates the release of _____ from juxtaglomerular cells. | back 34 renin |
front 35 Chronic elevation of myocardial wall tension results in atrophy. | back 35 False |
front 36 Low cardiac output in association with high preload is characteristic of ________ shock. | back 36 cardiogenic |
front 37 The progressive stage of hypovolemic shock is characterized by | back 37 tachycardia |
front 38 A patient presenting with fever, hypotension, and lactic acidosis is most likely to be experiencing what type of shock? | back 38 septic |
front 39 Massive release of histamine with consequent vasodilation and hypotension occurs with what type of shock? | back 39 Anaphylactic |
front 40 The therapy that most directly improves cardiac contractility in a patient with systolic heart failure is | back 40 digitalis |