front 1 definition of plague (for this class) | back 1 an epidemic disease causing a high rate of mortality "plague" always has a negative connotation |
front 2 distinguish the DISEASE from the MICROBE that causes it | back 2 no data |
front 3 AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is caused by | back 3 HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) |
front 4 COVID-19 is caused by | back 4 SARS-CoV-2 |
front 5 TB (tuberculosis) is caused by | back 5 mycobacterium tuberculosis |
front 6 malaria is caused by | back 6 plasmodium |
front 7 plagues mostly focused on in this course | back 7 AIDs, TB, malaria (big three) |
front 8 micron size | back 8 10^-6 HIV - 0.1 micrometers SARS-CoV-2 - 0.1 micrometers mycobacterium tuberculosis - 2 micrometers plasmodium - 1-80 microns (depending on size bc diff stages are diff sizes) human cells 20x bugger than bacterium |
front 9 HIV/AIDs cases: cases in 2022: deaths in 2022: | back 9 cases: 39 million HIV+ cases in 2022: 1.3 million deaths in 2022: 630,000 |
front 10 COVID cases: deaths as of 2023: | back 10 cases: 769 million deaths as of 2023: almost 7 million (numbers are for 2.5 years so far), suspect actual # deaths is 2x this (in some countries are 3 to 4x as much)) |
front 11 Mycobacterium/TB | back 11 cases: 1/4 of humanity (about 2 billion)
1.6 million deaths in 2022 |
front 12 plasmodium/malaria | back 12 1/2 population at risk 247 million cases 619,000 deaths in 2021 adults usually survive. most deaths are children |
front 13 goals of course | back 13
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front 14 HIV/AIDs | back 14
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front 15 4 key events of HIV cellular infection cycle | back 15
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front 16 HIV cellular | back 16 HIV exists in 2 forms:
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front 17 what is the genetic material of HIV? KNOW THIS | back 17 RNA KNOW THIS (2 copies) |
front 18 early phase | back 18 provirus
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front 19 reverse transcription step | back 19 after RNA released into cell -> uses reverse transcriptase to convert RNA into DNA |
front 20 what makes HIV impossible to cure? how does it do this? | back 20 DNA integrates into host cell's chromosomes uses integrase |
front 21 when is HIV in provirus form? (LATE PHASE) | back 21 once viral DNA integrate with host DNA |
front 22 what type of virus is HIV? | back 22 a retrovirus |
front 23 what was original central dogma of biology (before 1970s?) | back 23 DNA -> RNA -> protein only worked this way found out there is more, not jsut this is possible |
front 24 there can be | back 24 RNA -> DNA later reverse transcriptase was discovered, and now RNA could -> DNA - never thought possible before - RNA eventually degraded and = double stranded DNA Called retroviruses bc is backwards (REVERSE transcription) |
front 25 DNA -> RNA process | back 25 transcription enzyme: RNA polymerase |
front 26 RNA -> DNA process | back 26 reverse transcription enzyme: reverse transcriptase |
front 27 reverse transciption discovery | back 27 1970, making dna from rna template (see slide 15) |
front 28 all retroviruses have | back 28 reverse transcriptase |
front 29 video to watch | back 29 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=odRyv7V8LAE Specifically, knowing these 4 key events of the HIV cellular infection cycle makes it easier to understand …
(1:35 – 2:10)
(2:10 – 2:44)
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