front 1 Social Processes: | back 1 Are the forms of interaction through which people relate to one another(to describe the types of interaction that occur in relationships) |
front 2 Exchange: | back 2 the voluntary trade of tangible or intangible benefits (like a trade) |
front 3 Competition: | back 3 is a struggle over scarce resources that is regulated by shared rules (Ex: basketball team, can have a positive/ negative outcome) |
front 4 Groups: | back 4 a group is a collection of two or more people that has two special characteristics |
front 5 Dyads: | back 5 groups with two members only (fragile) |
front 6 Triads: | back 6 groups with three members even if one member leaves the group continues as a dyad |
front 7 Reference groups: | back 7 are groups that individuals regularly compare themselves to |
front 8 Primary groups: | back 8 are characterized by intimate face to face interactions |
front 9 Secondary groups: | back 9 are formal large and impersonal |
front 10 Choice shift: | back 10 group members opinions may become more similar overtime |
front 11 Groupthink: | back 11 a special case of choice shift when pressures agree are strong that they stifle critical thinking |
front 12 Social network: | back 12 is an individual's total set of relationships |
front 13 Strong ties | back 13 re relationships characterized by intimacy emotional intensity and sharing(primary groups) |
front 14 Weak ties: | back 14 are characterized by low intensity and low intimacy( secondary groups) |
front 15 Milgram's experiment | back 15 obedience to authority and conformity |
front 16 Intimate face to face interaction are typical of | back 16 Primary groups |
front 17 William feels out of shape but when he compares himself to other men his age he realizes he is in better shape than most william is making use of a _____in order to evaluate himself | back 17 Reference group |
front 18 Groups that are formal large and impersonal are called | back 18 Secondary groups |
front 19 The experiments conducted by Stanley Milgram investigated the degree to which people will follow orders even if they believe they are causing harm to someone Milgram found it | back 19 There was complete conformity to the directions to administer potentially harmful shocks to others |
front 20 Exchange cooperation and competitions are all examples of | back 20 Social processes |
front 21 Interaction that occurs when people work together to achieve shared goals is called | back 21 Cooperation |
front 22 Which of the following communication structures allows the greatest equality of participation | back 22 The all channel network pattern |
front 23 Informal social controls: | back 23 our friends and others around us reward conformity and punish |
front 24 Formal social controls: | back 24 the state of authorities discourage nonconformity (laws) |
front 25 False enforcement | back 25 occurs when people enforce norms they themselves reject( hypocrite) |
front 26 Deviance: | back 26
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front 27 Symbolic interactions: three theoretical | back 27
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front 28 White collar: | back 28 refer to crimes committed by people of high social status in the course of their occupation |
front 29 Victimless crimes | back 29 voluntary exchanges such as drug use prosition gambling and pornography are called victimless because those engaged in them think they are making free choices about free enterprise |
front 30 Correlates of crime | back 30 Age: younger persons consistently have higher crimes rates Sex: males commit more crimes Social class: lower class people are significantly more likely to commit and be arrested for street crimes cooperate and white collar crimes are more likely among higher status individuals Race: minorities are more likely to be cited arrested prosecuted and convicted |
front 31 The criminal justice system | back 31 Retribution: society punishes offenders to avenge the victim and society Prevention: by controlling offenders society keeps them from committing further crimes Deterrence: punishment can scare previous offenders and nonoffenders away from a life of crime Reform: building character and skills enables criminals to become law abiding members of society |
front 32 Alan a 14 year old boy finds himself in a situation where he can steal a watch from Macy's he decides against the theft because he fears what others would think of him if they found out in this situation alan conforms to societys values because of | back 32 Informal social control |
front 33 If caught cheating on this exam you are likely to be punished by the school this is a type of | back 33 Formal control |
front 34 When sociologist stress that deviance is relative they mean that | back 34 Whether an act is regarded as deviant or not often depends on time place or individual |
front 35 The social class most likely to engage in deviance is the | back 35 Lower class |
front 36 Dianes aunts uncles parents and friends all take towels from the hotels where they stay diane also takes the towels everybody does it she reasons dianes deviance is best explained by | back 36 Differential association theory |
front 37 Crimes committed by respectable people of high social status in the course of their occupations are known as | back 37 White collar crimes |
front 38 When society punishes offenders to avenge the victim and society as a whole this is called | back 38 Retribution |
front 39 Sending a juvenile delinquent to a boot camp rather than prison would be an example of | back 39 Reform |
front 40 Elliot receives a very harsh sentence for committing a minor crime the hope is that he will think twice before committing another crime this tactic is called | back 40 Deterrence |
front 41 Don and james were both inline for a big promotion the management decided to review all the projects on which each man had worked during the previous five years to determine who most deserved the promotion during the night before the men were to turn in their files james broke into dons office and tampered with his files to make it appear that don was irresponsible this is example of | back 41 Conflict |
front 42 Nonprofit organizations designed to allow individuals an opportunity to pursue their shared interests collectively are known as | back 42 Voluntary associations |
front 43 Race: | back 43 refers to a category of people treated as distinct based on physical characteristics to which social importance has been assigned |
front 44 Ethnicity: | back 44 an ethnic group is a category whose members are thought to share a common origin and important elements of a common culture |
front 45 Majority group: | back 45 is culturally economically and politically dominant |
front 46 Minority group: | back 46 culturally economically and politically subordinate |
front 47 Prejudice: | back 47 refers to an irrational negative attitude toward a category of people |
front 48 Rocism: | back 48 the belief that inherited physical traits associated with racial groups determine abilities and characteristics of a group member and provide a legitimate basis for unequal treatment |
front 49 Stereotype: | back 49 is a preconceived simplistic idea about the members of a group |
front 50 Discrimination: | back 50 the unequal treatment if individuals on the basis of the category they belong to |
front 51 Segregation: | back 51 the physical separation of minorities from the rest of the population |
front 52 Institutional racism: | back 52 refers to situation in which everyday practices and social arrangements were assumed to be fair even though they systematically reproduce racial or ethnic inequality |
front 53 White privilege: | back 53 refers to the benefits whites receive simply because they are white |
front 54 A race is a category of people | back 54 With shared physical traits that are given social importance |
front 55 Members of an ethnic group | back 55 Share a common origin and elements of culture |
front 56 The sociological concept of the social construction of race means that | back 56 Race and ethnicity are socially constructed categories |
front 57 When sociologist refer to a majority group they are referring to the | back 57 Group that is culturally economically and politically dominant |
front 58 Females in the united states could be regarded as a minority group because they | back 58 Are culturally economically and politically subordinate to males |
front 59 A ____ group is a group that is culturally economically and politically subordinate | back 59 Minority |
front 60 Prejudice is | back 60 An irrationally based negative attitude toward categories of people |
front 61 An irrational negative attitude held about a category of people is known as | back 61 Prejudice |
front 62
| back 62 Racism |
front 63 Stereotyping is | back 63 A belief that people who belong to the same category share common characteristics |
front 64 Discrimination is | back 64 The unequal treatment of individuals on the basis of their memberships in categories |
front 65 _____is an attitude______ is behavior | back 65 prejudice, discrimination |
front 66 Segregation continues because of | back 66 Economic differences and continuing prejudice |
front 67 The physical separation of minority and majority group members is called | back 67 Segregation |
front 68 White receive often unacknowledged benefits and opportunities simply by virtue of being white collectively these are referred to as | back 68 White privilege |
front 69 Hispanic americans are | back 69 Ethnic group |