front 1 Rules of Lab Safety | back 1 No food or drink |
front 2 Steps of Scientific Method | back 2 Observation, Ask a question, Hypothesis, Prediction, experiment, analyze, share/re experiment |
front 3 Experimental design: idependent vs dependendent variable | back 3 Independent what you manipulate |
front 4 Control vs Experimental | back 4 Control does not receive the experiment/independent
variable |
front 5 Quantitative vs Qualitative | back 5 Quantitative - numbers based and measured |
front 6 Data Analysis | back 6 what patterns do you see, what relationships do you see |
front 7 Kinds of graphs | back 7 bar, line, pie |
front 8 graphs need to have | back 8 descriptive title, axis labels with units, key or legend if applicable |
front 9 definition of natural selection and evolution | back 9 natural selection is one mechanism of evolution with differential
survival and reproduction that results in adaptations |
front 10 Selective pressure | back 10 external agents which affect an organisms ability to survive in a given environment. |
front 11 Simulation of natural selection in a population | back 11 (darwin finches lab, this is not actually a flash card, just a reminder) |
front 12 Categories of evidence for evolution | back 12 fossils, homology, biogeography, embryology, microbiology, genetics |
front 13 parts of a phylogenetic tree | back 13 root, branch tips, nodes, sister taxa, (ancestral vs derived traits) |
front 14 building trees using evidence | back 14 (lab reminder, another card that is not a card) |
front 15 population genetics | back 15 Study of how selective forces change |
front 16 founder effect | back 16 where a very small population starts a new population, having limited genetic diversity (amish) |
front 17 bottleneck effect | back 17 an external force severely decreases the population, resulting in limited genetic diversity (see XP in Dine peoples after The Long Walk) random event as well |
front 18 Allele Fixation | back 18 a rare case in which a single allele becomes the only one present in the population |
front 19 hardy weinberg in a population | back 19 will never happen, a large population with NO evolutionary factors occuring |
front 20 requirements of hardy weinbergy | back 20 large population |
front 21 HWB equation | back 21 p+q=1 |
front 22 types of selection | back 22 directional, stabilizing, disruptive, frequency based |
front 23 Ecomorph | back 23 where organisms in similar ecosystems devlop similar traits |
front 24 lamellae | back 24 the number of scales on the underside of a lizard's toe to help them grip a stick |
front 25 hindlimb length | back 25 hindlimb divided by body length |
front 26 Anolis phylogenetic tree conclusions | back 26 each of the ecomorphs evolved separately on their own islands from single ancestors |
front 27 convergent evolution | back 27 when two organisms from different ancestors converge on the same trait |
front 28 divergent evolution | back 28 two species from the same ancestor become more distinct |
front 29 General structure of viruses | back 29 viruses have a capsid as their outer layer, and those that bud from their host will have an 'envelope' , specialized to a host, have DNA but the structure of the DNA can vary, do not reproduce, instead duplicate |
front 30 transmission of viruses | back 30 viruses can pass from host to host via things like sneezing or sexually, they can also travel through a vector like an insect, and some can cross species (zoonotic) |
front 31 viral infections | back 31 Virus binds to receptor |
front 32 Function of anti-virals | back 32 to disrupt the reproduction process of the virus by interrupting the translation in the ribosome |
front 33 Covid 19 tests | back 33 PCR tests - look for pieces of virus RNA |
front 34 Calculate vaccine efficacy | back 34 divide the infection rate of the experimental group by the infection rate of the control group to get the percentage for efficacy |
front 35 adaptations | back 35 traits that increase the survival and reproduction of members in a population |
front 36 Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium | back 36 unchanging allele frequencies |
front 37 relative fitness | back 37 is the the survival rate of a geno/pheno type relative to the maximum survival or reproduction rate of other genotypes in a population. A number between 0 and 1 (with 1 being the highest fitness) |
front 38 relative tail length | back 38 tail length divided by body length |
front 39 how to determine if yogurt has gone bad | back 39 bubbles near the bottom and whey and water near the top |
front 40 process of gram stain | back 40 heat fix the sample to the slide |
front 41 Review microscope parts from prokaryotes lab PT 2 | back 41 review the table :) |
front 42 How do you focus a microscope, how do you put it away | back 42 first use coarse adjustment knob to raise and lower the platform,
then use the fine adjustment knob to sharpen the focus |
front 43 Bacterial Shapes | back 43 cocci/round, bacilli/rod, spiral /spirilla, spirochaetes/corkscrew |
front 44 Why is cyanobacteria incorrect? | back 44 Its an algae, not a bacteria |
front 45 Why is the water fern Azolla planted in Rice paddies | back 45 symbiotic relationship with cyanobacteria, bacteria provide nitrogen for the ferns |
front 46 What are the problems with cyanobacteria blooms? | back 46 can produce chemicals that can poison people and animals, and can devastate eco systems which will also cause economic problems and reduce tourism |
front 47 Be able to indentify Nostoc bacteria from a slide | back 47 chain-like green wormy lookin boy |
front 48 what are archaea | back 48 prokaryotic organisms often found in extreme environments, distinct from bacteria |
front 49 what are protists | back 49 single or multi-cellular Eukaryotes that can be plant, animal, or fungi like. Its a catch all box for organisms that defy organization into other categories, is paraphyletic |
front 50 Methods of Protist motion | back 50 psuedopodia (foot like), flagella (like an appendage), cilia (hair like), (or amoeba like) |
front 51 Be able to identify slides of the following: | back 51 See lab background handout for slides |
front 52 Know all the parts to a fungus | back 52 hyphae, mycellium, fruiting body, spores (or zygotes) |
front 53 Know all the parts to a mushroom | back 53 cap, gills, ring, stem, cup, mycellium |
front 54 What kind of Troph are fungi | back 54 heterotroph, specifically saprobes for decomposers, or parasites for parasite species |
front 55 Phyla names and general characteristics | back 55 Ascomyota (sac fungi) yeast/pennicillin |
front 56 How does chyrtidio fungus kill frogs | back 56 damages skin which damages respiratory system |
front 57 Be able to identify the following through slides | back 57 Rhizopus (large spores on the end of stems) |
front 58 Rhizopus | back 58 large spores on the end of stems, sporangiospores and zygospores, is bread mold |
front 59 penicillum | back 59 looks tiny spores on the end of an oval, sac like reproductive structure called ascus, is ascomycota |
front 60 sacchoramyces | back 60 looks like rice, is yeast |
front 61 amanita phalloides | back 61 death cap mushroom, white with yellow top |
front 62 allomyces | back 62 flagellated zoospores, looks like a black eyed pea with a long flagella |