front 1 how many total vertebrae are there? | back 1 33 CTLSC 7,12,5,5,4 |
front 2 distinctive feature of cervical vertebrae | back 2 transverse foramina, have bifoid spinous processes, and superior articular facets face up |
front 3 distinctive feature of thoracic vertebrae | back 3 have costal facets, heart shaped bodies, superior articular facets face POSTERIOR, inferior articular facets face ANTERIOR |
front 4 distinctive feature of lumbar vertebrae | back 4 massive bodies, superior articular facets face MEDIAL, inferior articular facets face LATERAL |
front 5 distinctive feature of sacrum | back 5 fused, 4 pairs of foramina, transmits weight from spine to pelvis |
front 6 distinctive feature of coxxyx | back 6 tailbone, no weightbearing function, attachment point for muscles and ligament |
front 7 what are the 3 main joints of the vertebral column? | back 7 anterior intervertebral joints, zygapophyseal joints (facet joints), craniovertebral joints |
front 8 Anterior intervertebral joints | back 8 between adjacent vertebral bodies |
front 9 zygapophyseal joints (facet joints) | back 9 between superior and inferior articular processes |
front 10 cranioertebral joints | back 10 atlanto-occipital and atalanto-axial |
front 11 ligaments of the vertebral column | back 11 anterior longitudinal ligament, posterior longitudinal ligament, ligamentum flavum, interspinous ligament, supraspinous ligament... ligamentum nuchae as well |
front 12 what are the motions of intervertebral joints? | back 12 rocking, gliding, rotation |
front 13 what are the motions of zygapophyseal joints? | back 13 gliding |
front 14 where is flexion motion greatest? | back 14 cervical spine |
front 15 where is extension greatest? | back 15 lumbar spine |
front 16 where is lateral flexion greatest? | back 16 cervical and lumbar spine |
front 17 where is rotation greatest? | back 17 thoracic spine |
front 18 Concave forward | back 18 kyphosis |
front 19 Where is kyphosis typically seen? | back 19 thoracic and sacral spine |
front 20 Concave rearward | back 20 lordosis |
front 21 Where is lordosis typically seen? | back 21 cervical and lumbar regions of the spine |
front 22 Superior boundary of the abdomen | back 22 xiphoid process, costal rib margin, costal cartilage ribs 7-10 |
front 23 Inferior boundary of the abdomen | back 23 line between ASIS and pubic syphysis (inguinal ligament) |
front 24 Lateral boundary of the abdomen | back 24 vertical line from ASIS to costal margin |
front 25 Anterior boundary of the abdomen | back 25 umbillicus |
front 26 linea semilunaris | back 26 half moon shaped, lateral aspect of rectus abdominis |
front 27 camper fascia | back 27 superficial fatty layer |
front 28 scarpa fascia | back 28 deep membraneous layer |
front 29 layers of fat in order | back 29 skin, camper fascia, scarpa fascia, investing fascia, external oblique, internal oblique, transverse abdominal muscle, endoabdominal muscle, parietal peritoneum |
front 30 rectus sheath above acruate line.. ANTERIOR | back 30 aponerousis of external oblique and half of aponeurosis of internal oblique |
front 31 rectus sheath above acruate line... POSTERIOR | back 31 half of aponeurosis of internal oblique and aponeurosis of transverse abdominal |
front 32 rectus sheath below acruate line... ANTERIOR | back 32 aponeuroses of external and internal obliques and transverse abdominal all pass in front of the rectus abdominis |
front 33 rectus sheath below acruate line.. POSTERIOR | back 33 no aponeuroses behind rectus abdominis, thin transversalis fascia only |
front 34 function of inguinal region | back 34 structures enter and exit abdominal cavity, 75% of all abdominal hernias |
front 35 where is the inguinal canal located? | back 35 lies parallel and superior to the medial half of the inguinal ligament |
front 36 inguinal canal anterior wall | back 36 aponeurosis of external oblique |
front 37 inguinal canal posterior wall | back 37 transversalis fascia & conjoint tendon |
front 38 inguinal canal roof | back 38 fibers of internal oblique and transverse abdominis |
front 39 inguinal canal floor | back 39 fold under of external oblique (inguinal ligament) |
front 40 inguinal rings (superficial) | back 40 inferomedial (location of inguinal hernias) |
front 41 inguinal rings (deep) | back 41 superolateral |
front 42 contents of inguinal canal in men | back 42 spermatic cord |
front 43 contents of inguinal canal in women | back 43 round ligament of uterus |
front 44 inguinal hernia (direct) | back 44 occurs due to weakness of anterior abdominal wall; accounts for 1/3 - 1/4 of hernias, rare in women |
front 45 inguinal hernia (indirect) | back 45 congenital, occurs due to processus vaginalis remaining in part prior to birth, most common in men |
front 46 diaphragm attachment (sternal part) | back 46 2 slips that attach to posterior xiphoid |
front 47 diaphragm attachment (costal part) | back 47 slips attach to internal aspect of inferior 6 costal cartilages and adjoining ribs, forming right and left domes |
front 48 diaphragm attachment (lumbar part) | back 48 musculotendinous bundles attaching to anterior aspect of bodies L1-L3 ascent to central tendon |
front 49 diaphragm attachment (central tendon) | back 49 top and center of the hood, where all parts attach |