front 1 anterior (ventral) | back 1 front |
front 2 posterior (dorsal) | back 2 back |
front 3 Order of layers | back 3 superficial, intermediate, deep |
front 4 medial | back 4 closer to midline |
front 5 lateral | back 5 away from midline |
front 6 external | back 6 outward |
front 7 internal | back 7 inward |
front 8 superior | back 8 above |
front 9 inferior | back 9 below |
front 10 proximal | back 10 towards the body |
front 11 distal | back 11 away from the body |
front 12 bilateral | back 12 both sides |
front 13 unilateral | back 13 one side |
front 14 ipsilateral | back 14 same sided |
front 15 contralateral | back 15 opposite sided |
front 16 longitudinal | back 16 length-wise cut |
front 17 transverse | back 17 cross-section/horizontal cut |
front 18 oblique | back 18 cut at an angle |
front 19 saggital plane movements | back 19 flexion and extension |
front 20 frontal plane movements | back 20 abduction and adduction |
front 21 transverse plane movements | back 21 medial and lateral |
front 22 tendon | back 22 fibrous CT, muscle to bone |
front 23 aponerousis | back 23 fibrous sheet of CT, muscle to bone OR other tissues |
front 24 ligament | back 24 band of fibrous CT (strongest), bone to bone, good for stability and limits motion |
front 25 joint | back 25 articulation or union between two or more bones |
front 26 3 types of joints | back 26 fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial |
front 27 fibrous joint | back 27 joined by fibrous CT (minimal motion) |
front 28 cartilaginous joint | back 28 joined by cartilage |
front 29 synovial | back 29 space between bones lined with synovial membrane/fluid |
front 30 3 types of fibrous joints | back 30 suture, syndesmoses, gomphoses |
front 31 sutures | back 31 plates of skull, before ossification |
front 32 syndesmosis | back 32 interosseous membranes between radius and ulna or tibia and fibula |
front 33 gomphoses | back 33 unite teeth with bone |
front 34 2 types of cartilaginous joints | back 34 primary and secondary |
front 35 primary cartilaginous (SYNCHONDROSIS) | back 35 united by hyaline cartilage, slight bending (i.e. growth plate) |
front 36 secondary cartilaginous (symphysis or fibrocartilaginous) | back 36 bones united by fibrocartilage, strong and slighty moveable (discs are an example) |
front 37 synovial joints | back 37 most common, most movement, most important for function. they have joint cavities that contain synovial fluid, articular cartilage on joint surfaces, articular capsule, some have tendons discs and pads. |
front 38 6 types of synovial joints | back 38 plane, hinge, saddle, condyloid, ball & socket, pivot |
front 39 plane | back 39 gliding/sliding (AC joint of shoulder) |
front 40 hinge | back 40 flexion/extension (humeroulnar joint) |
front 41 saddle | back 41 flexion/extension abduction/adduction (CMC joint) |
front 42 condyloid | back 42 flexion/extension abduction/adduction (MCP joint) |
front 43 ball & socket | back 43 movement in multiple axes and planes (hip joint) |
front 44 pivot | back 44 rotation around central axis (C1 atlas and C2 axis) |