front 1 Know what metabolism is. | back 1 chemical reaction takes place in living organisms example-growth and repair |
front 2 what does the cell theory state? | back 2 all living things contain cells |
front 3 which 2 scientists are credited with the cell theory? | back 3 schleiden & swann |
front 4 What does homeostasis in living organisms involve? | back 4 maintaining internal environment |
front 5 What is one benefit of sexual over asexual reproduction? | back 5 genetic variation |
front 6 What is hereditary information encoded with? | back 6 DNA |
front 7 At what level does the evolution of a species operate? | back 7 population |
front 8 How do prokaryotes differ from eukaryotes? | back 8 Prokaryotes doesn’t have nucleus and eukaryotes does |
front 9 What is the basic level of chemical organization? | back 9 atom |
front 10 Know what a population is. | back 10 Same species in the same area at the same time |
front 11 Know what inorganic compounds are. | back 11 lack carbon example-glucose |
front 12 Know how many valence electrons make a complete valence shell. | back 12 8 |
front 13 Know how to calculate the atomic mass of an atom. | back 13 Add protons to neutrons |
front 14 How do isotopes differ from each other? | back 14 Isotopes differ by number of neutrons |
front 15 How does an atom become a cation? | back 15 Lose electrons |
front 16 What are carbohydrate molecules a source of? | back 16 Energy |
front 17 Which carbohydrate is most structurally complex? | back 17 Cellulose |
front 18 Know what hydrolysis is the breakdown of? | back 18 Fat |
front 19 What do amyloplasts store? | back 19 Starch |
front 20 What does an amphipathic molecule have? | back 20 Hydrophobic end and hydrophilic end |
front 21 Which level is protein structure of peptide bonds most important? | back 21 Primary level |
front 22 What is the primary function of molecular proteins? | back 22 Folding the proteins correctly |
front 23 Why is ATP important in living organisms? | back 23 Transfer energy |
front 24 What is the biggest difference in DNA and RNA? | back 24 Different sugar, DNA has deoxyribose and RNA uses ribose |
front 25 Why is it advantageous for cells to be small? | back 25 Increases built in transport |
front 26 Nucleoli specializes in making what? | back 26 rRNA |
front 27 Know what protein synthesis is. | back 27 Involves toxin breaking down |
front 28 Smooth ER synthesizes what? | back 28 Lipids |
front 29 What increases the surface area of the inner mitochondrial membrane. | back 29 Cristae |
front 30 Know the cell structures that are not found in plant cells. | back 30 Vacuole, cell wall, chloroplast |
front 31 What structure gives rise to down’s syndrome? | back 31 Spindle |
front 32 Know the plasma membrane. | back 32 Two layers of phospholipids |
front 33 Know what hydrophobic means. | back 33 fear water |
front 34 What Is another name for integral proteins. | back 34 Transmembrane protein |
front 35 What is meant by the term fluid mosaic model? | back 35 Does movement of lipids and protein |
front 36 Know the definition of diffusion. | back 36 Goes from a area of greater to lesser concentration |
front 37 Know the definition of active transport. | back 37 Going against gradient |
front 38 A human white blood cell is engulfs a bacterial by? | back 38 Phagocytosis |
front 39 What is the ultimate source of energy for almost all living things? | back 39 Sun |
front 40 What do catabolic reactions involve? | back 40 Breakdown large organic molecules |
front 41 The transfer of electrons from one compound to another is equivalent to what? | back 41 Energy |
front 42 Since enzymes affect the speed of reactions without being consumed they are called what? | back 42 Catalyst |
front 43 Know what catabolism is? | back 43 Split in molecules in smaller components |
front 44 During glycolysis, 6 carbon glucose molecule is converted to 2 three carbon molecules of what? | back 44 Pyruvate |
front 45 Know what chemiosmosis is. | back 45 Hydrogen is pumped across mitochondria |
front 46 Light behaves not only as waves, but also as particles called what? | back 46 Photon |
front 47 All living things are classified into 2 general trophic groups called? | back 47 Autotrophs and heterotrophs |
front 48 Plants, algae and bacteria are what? | back 48 producers |
front 49 What part of the chlorophyll molecule is responsible for absorbing light? | back 49 Porphyrin |
front 50 ATP and NADPH are produced during what part of photosynthesis? | back 50 Light dependent |
front 51 Know which colors chlorophyll absorbs and reflects. | back 51 Red and blue absorbs and green reflects |
front 52 Chromosomes become duplicated during which phase? | back 52 S phase |
front 53 What is responsible for the separation of chromosomes during anaphase of mitosis? | back 53 Mitotic spindle in anaphase |
front 54 An animal with a diploid number of 36 chromosomes will have how many chromosomes in its gametes and how many in its somatic cells? | back 54 18 somatic, 36 chromosomes |
front 55 Know the four things that happen during prophase? | back 55 Spindle fibers attach, nucleus disappear, nuclear envelope disappear, chromosome condense |
front 56 Know the four things that are produced during meiosis? | back 56 Polar bodies, spores, eggs, sperm |
front 57 During which phase does crossing over occur? | back 57 Prophase I |
front 58 The formation of female gametes is termed? | back 58 Oogenesis |
front 59 How do prokaryotic organisms reproduce? | back 59 binary fission |
front 60 The term dominant means that: | back 60 Mask recessive genes |
front 61 The physical location of a particular gene on a chromosome is called? | back 61 Locus |
front 62 Know what alleles are? | back 62 Different form of gene covering same feature Example: eye color |
front 63 Know what a test cross is? | back 63 Mate a dominant with a recessive phenotype |
front 64 What is the probability that two lizards that are heterozygous for stripes on their tails (Ss) will produce an offspring that is homozygous for no stripes (ss)? | back 64 ¼ |
front 65 Genes that tend to be inherited together are said to be what? | back 65 Linked |
front 66 A Barr body in a mammalian female cell represents what? | back 66 Missing x chromosome |
front 67 Which scientist used x-ray diffraction to provide images of DNA? | back 67 Franklin |
front 68 2 chains of dna must run in which direction and must be what if they are to bond to each other? | back 68 Antiparallel, must be complementary to each other |
front 69 What adds new nucleotides to a growing DNA chain? | back 69 DNA polymerase |
front 70 Which DNA strand is replicated smoothly and continuously? | back 70 Leading structure |
front 71 A replication fork is? | back 71 Y shape structure |
front 72 What causes the unwinding of the DNA double helix? | back 72 DNA helicase |
front 73 Know what telomeres are? | back 73 End of eukaryotic chromosomes |
front 74 What has mapped the complete set of genes that make up the human genome? | back 74 Different genome around world |
front 75 Know what a hypertonic solution is. | back 75 Concentration that solutes in a cell is less outside the cell than inside |
front 76 Enzymes are important biological catalysts because they what? | back 76 lowers the activation of energy |
front 77 What evolutionary advantage is provided by meiosis? | back 77 Genetic diversity |
front 78 A cell is in metaphase if what? | back 78 During when chromosomes meet in the middle |
front 79 Know what Klinefelter syndrome is. | back 79 XXY carrier type Usually in males |
front 80 Taxonomy is the science of what? | back 80 naming, describing, classifying organisms |
front 81 Who developed the binomial system of nomenclature? | back 81 Linnaeus |
front 82 Zea mays is the scientific name of the corn plant. Zea is the what? | back 82 genus |
front 83 Most biologists recognize how many domains? | back 83 3 |
front 84 Which kingdom has the protozoa, water and slime molds? | back 84 protist |
front 85 Know the characteristics of the kingdom fungi and distinguish which one does not belong. | back 85 lacs nucleus dont have examples-cell wall, yeast and mushroom |
front 86 The protein coat of a virus is called what? | back 86 capsid |
front 87 Viruses that attack bacteria are called what? | back 87 phages |
front 88 What are rod shaped bacteria called? | back 88 bacilli |
front 89 What are small circles of DNA called? | back 89 plasmids |
front 90 What is the most common mode of reproduction in bacteria? | back 90 binary fission |
front 91 Know what endospores are. | back 91 dormant structures formed by bacteria |
front 92 What causes African sleeping sickness? | back 92 trypanosoma |
front 93 Know what cilia are. | back 93 hairlike projections |
front 94 Most protists are what? | back 94 aquatic |
front 95 At the base of the food web in aquatic ecosystem are what? | back 95 plankton |
front 96 What are believed gave rise to plants? | back 96 green algae |
front 97 Members of which group have formed deposits of chalk, as seen in the white cliffs of Dover? | back 97 foraminifera |
front 98 Know what pseudopods are? | back 98 false foot |
front 99 Know what adaptations means. | back 99 improves survival and reproduction |
front 100 Gram positive bacteria would stain what color because of a thick layer of what? | back 100 violet, peptide |