front 1 this molecule carries amino acids to ribosomes | back 1 transfer RNA (tRNA) |
front 2 three base letters on mRNA | back 2 codon |
front 3 shape of DNA molecule | back 3 double helix |
front 4 type of inheritance where males are often more affected than females | back 4 sex-linked |
front 5 type of inheritance shown by a 1:2:1 phenotypic ratio ex.) pink flowers produced by red + white flowers | back 5 incomplete dominance |
front 6 chart using circles (females) and squares (males) to show inheritance patters | back 6 pedigree |
front 7 23rd pair of chromosomes that differ in males and females | back 7 sex chromosome |
front 8 blood type with A, B, and O alleles is an example of ... | back 8 multiple alleles |
front 9 flow of genetic information from gene to phenotype (aka central dogma) | back 9 DNA —> RNA —> protein |
front 10 15 nucleotide sequence of DNA would be expected to direct the production of a polypeptide this long | back 10 5 |
front 11 base substitution with no change due to redundancy of genetic code | back 11 silent mutation |
front 12 process of changing DNA into RNA | back 12 transcription |
front 13 sequence fragments not expressed in final mRNA | back 13 introns |
front 14 process which allows the survival and reproduction of organisms that are genetically best adapted to the environment | back 14 natural selection |
front 15 type of metabolism where small molecules join together to form a bigger one | back 15 anabolic |
front 16 site of translation | back 16 ribosome |
front 17 fatty acids that increase membrane fluidity | back 17 unsaturated |
front 18 universal energy molecule found in every cell | back 18 ATP |
front 19 small circular DNA used in biotechnology | back 19 plasmid |
front 20 production of multiple copies of a gene | back 20 gene cloning |
front 21 bacteria use this method of gene transfer when picking up plasmids from their environment | back 21 transformation |
front 22 enzyme originally found in bacteria which cut DNA at specific sites | back 22 restriction enzymes |
front 23 their construction uses either bacterial plasmids or viral phages as vectors | back 23 genomic libraries |
front 24 what percent is is the coding sequence for humans | back 24 1.5% |
front 25 method for rapidly sequencing a genome | back 25 shotgun |
front 26 most of the “junk” DNA its this type of DNA sequence | back 26 repetitive |
front 27 scientist who found how to sequence a genome faster | back 27 Craig Ventor |
front 28 bioinformatics with its huge databases relies on these... | back 28 computers |
front 29 adding base (OH-) to a solution will increase it | back 29 pH |
front 30 electrons move about the nucleus of an atom in this region | back 30 electron cloud |
front 31 carbon compounds that come from living organisms | back 31 organic |
front 32 monosaccharides or amino acids joined together | back 32 polymers |
front 33 made of protein, these catalysts speed up chemical reactions | back 33 enzymes |
front 34 made lipid bilayer and controls what enters or leaves a cell | back 34 cell plasma membrane |
front 35 this organelle defines being a eukaryotic | back 35 nucleus |
front 36 this structure is found in plant cells, bacteria, and fungi. BUT not in animal cells | back 36 cell wall |
front 37 viruses, UV radiation, and environmental influences may be this cause | back 37 cancer |
front 38 type of transport allowing particles to go from an area of lesser concentration to an area of greater concentration | back 38 active transport |
front 39 series of phases including interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis | back 39 cell cycle l |
front 40 the longest phase in the cell cycle | back 40 interphase |
front 41 chromosomes move to either pole during this phase | back 41 anaphase |
front 42 several tissues working together | back 42 organ |
front 43 body tissue is made of these | back 43 cells |
front 44 this type of metabolic pathway consumes as polymers are built from monomers | back 44 anabolic |
front 45 where proton gradients are established | back 45 mitochondrion or chloroplast |
front 46 class can’t be too because this doesn’t increase as fast as volume | back 46 surface area |
front 47 the green pigment in plant cells; is able to capture the energy of the sun | back 47 chlorophyll |
front 48 leaves green because of this type of light | back 48 reflected or transmitted |
front 49 cell respiration involves this chemical being ‘burned’ (oxidized) during glycolysis | back 49 glucose |
front 50 genetic recombination that occurs when chromosomes inter-change arm segments | back 50 crossing-over |
front 51 organism described as Tt, Bb, Gg. or as a hybrids | back 51 heterozygous |
front 52 passing of traits from parent to offspring | back 52 heredity |
front 53 genetics term for cells containing a complete set of paired chromosomes | back 53 diploid (2n) |
front 54 what are sex cells | back 54 haploid |
front 55 the outward appearance of an organism | back 55 phenotype |
front 56 sex cell. either the egg or the sperm cell | back 56 gamete |
front 57 this base pair ups with cytosine (C) | back 57 G (Guanine) |
front 58 DNA ‘backbone’ is made of these two components | back 58 phosphate and sugar |
front 59 discoverers of the DNA structure | back 59 Watson and Crick |
front 60 site of the synthesis of proteins destines to be secreted | back 60 rough endoplasmic reticulum |
front 61 the two key products of the light reaction of photosynthesis | back 61 ATP and NADPH |
front 62 while photosynthesis stores energy, this process releases it | back 62 respiration |
front 63 the replicate DNA strands of a chromosome joined at the centromere | back 63 sister chromatids |
front 64 three main components of a cell membrane included proteins, cholesterol and….. | back 64 phospholipids |
front 65 two cells have the same number of chromosomes and amounts of DNA as their ‘mother’ cell | back 65 daughter cell |
front 66 phase of mitosis when coiled, replicated chromosomes first appear | back 66 prophase |
front 67 phrase “the whole is greater than the sum of its parts” is related to this biological property | back 67 emergent |
front 68 chromosomes coil up in order to prevent this during mitosis or meiosis | back 68 entanglement or breakage |
front 69 going from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration | back 69 passive transport or diffusion |
front 70 when the concentration of H+ ions is 10^-7 molar the pH is said to be…. | back 70 neutral |
front 71 monohybrid cross phenotypic ratio | back 71 3:1 |
front 72 this event is followed by crossing over and occurs only in meiosis 1 | back 72 synapses |
front 73 phenotypic ratio of 1:2:1 | back 73 incomplete dominance |
front 74 starch solution will turn blue to black in this presence | back 74 iodine |
front 75 type of respiration where lactate or alcohol is produced | back 75 fermentation |
front 76 type of catalysts is made of protein and is able to lower the energy of activation of a reaction | back 76 enzymatic |
front 77 replication of DNA takes place during this sub-phase of interphase | back 77 s-phase |
front 78 homologous pairs of chromosomes separating from each other in this type of cell division | back 78 meiosis anaphase 1 |
front 79 Bob has type AB blood while Mary has type O. what is the probability of their child having B blood | back 79 50% |
front 80 regulatory site for prokaryote operons | back 80 promoter or operator |
front 81 alternative forms of a gene | back 81 alleles |
front 82 at minimum, a virus contains a nucleic acid and this structure | back 82 capsid (protein coat) |
front 83 during this type of life cycle of a virus, many copies of the virus are made and assembled | back 83 lytic |
front 84 type of retrovirus that has its genome transcribed from RNA to DNA | back 84 retrovirus |
front 85 identical or similar genes produced by gene duplication | back 85 multifamily genes |
front 86 carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen are 96% of this material | back 86 living matter |
front 87 same atomic number, but differ in number of neutrons | back 87 isotopes |
front 88 salad oil is hydrophobic because of its bonding | back 88 non polar |
front 89 slight charges at the ends of water molecules cause this type of bond | back 89 hydrogen bonding |
front 90 transfer of electrons followed by electrical attraction between atoms form the basis of this bond | back 90 ionic bonding |
front 91 covalent bond between atoms of unequal electronegativity form this type of bond | back 91 polar covaalent bonding |
front 92 functional group with two oxygens and one hydrogen attached to a carbon | back 92 carboxyl (-COOH) |
front 93 starch is to polymer as glucose is to …. | back 93 monomer |
front 94 major structural component of plant cell walls | back 94 cellulose |
front 95 fatty acid with all single carbon-carbon bonding and associated with heart disease | back 95 saturated |
front 96 level of protein structure shown by the sequence of amino acids in a protein | back 96 primary |
front 97 possible response by a protein to a change in temperature or pH | back 97 denaturation |
front 98 since the tryptophan operon can be turned off, it’s considered this... | back 98 repressible |
front 99 the expression of many genes can be compared at one time by this technological instrument | back 99 DNA microarray |
front 100 this enzyme has the ability to change RNA to DNA | back 100 reverse transcriptase |
front 101 after DNA fragments have been replicated, this enzyme is able to “tie” together the “loose” ends | back 101 ligase |
front 102 proteins on the organism’s surface allow it to specifically attach to it’s host cell | back 102 virus |
front 103 oils are fluids because of the type of molecule | back 103 unsaturated fatty acids |
front 104 what has Darwin come to discover | back 104 natural selection |
front 105 at the end of the electron transport chain, the molecule picks up the electrons and H+s | back 105 oxygen |
front 106 this type of gene no longer functions but can help show evolutionary connection between species | back 106 pseudogenes |
front 107 electron carrier molecule found in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle | back 107 NADH |
front 108 series of chemical reactions tied together with an enzyme for each step | back 108 metabolic pathway |
front 109 homologous pair of chromosomes together during prophase 1 or metaphase 2 | back 109 tetrad |
front 110 phenotypic ration of dihybrid cross | back 110 9:3:3:1 |
front 111 down syndrome is caused by... | back 111 trisomy 21 |
front 112 besides having chloroplast and central vacuole, plant cells differ from animal cells by having this structure | back 112 cell wall |
front 113 oxygen in atmosphere comes from plants during the light reactions of photosynthesis where this molecule is split apart | back 113 water |
front 114 cattle have red and white hair showing. what type of inheritance is this | back 114 co-dominance |
front 115 enzyme can “unzip” double helix of DNA molecule | back 115 helices |
front 116 human skin shows different pigmentation. which is controlled by this type of inheritance | back 116 polygenic |
front 117 nondisjunction occurs during Anaphase 1 of meiosis or in this other place | back 117 Anaphase 2 |