front 1 Sexual reproduction | back 1 Type of reproduction that has 2 parents and results in genetically unique offspring. Sperm and egg fuse together to form a zyote. |
front 2 Gametes | back 2 Sex cells formed through process of meiosis. Have 1/2 the number of chromosomes as body cells and are haploid. |
front 3 Sperm | back 3 Male gamete |
front 4 Egg | back 4 Female gamete |
front 5 Fertilization | back 5 When sperm and egg fuse together to form a zygote. |
front 6 Zygote | back 6 Single diploid cell formed after fertilization and develops into embryo. |
front 7 Meiosis | back 7 Processes that produces gametes for sexual reproduction. A diploid cell undergoes 2 divisions to half the number of chromosomes and forms 4 haploid cells that become sperm or egg. |
front 8 Diploid | back 8 When a cell has 2 sets of chromosomes. In humans = 46 chromosomes |
front 9 Haploid | back 9 When a cell has 1 set of chromosomes. In humans = 23 chromosomes |
front 10 Interphase | back 10 Stage before cell division where cells grow and DNA replication occurs. |
front 11 Homologous Chromosomes | back 11 The pair of chromosomes that are the same size and carry the same types of genes - 1 comes from mom and 1 comes from dad. |
front 12 Crossing Over | back 12 Occurs during Prophase I of meiosis where homologous chromosomes exchange parts to increase genetic variation. |
front 13 Meiosis I | back 13 First division of meiosis that separates the homologous chromosomes resulting in 2 haploid cells. Includes:
|
front 14 Meiosis II | back 14 Second division of meiosis where the 2 cells at the end of meiosis one separates the sister chromatids resulting in 4 haploid cells. Includes:
|
front 15 Nondisjunction | back 15 Mutation that can occur during Anaphase I or Anaphase II of meiosis where the chromosomes do not separate properly resulting in cells with either too many chromosomes or not enough chromosomes. |