| back 1 From:Florence
- The prince
- Still used as a “handbook” for
politicians
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| back 2 Vinci, worked in Florence and died in France,
- The virgin of the rocks, the last supper, Mona Lisa.
- Accurate stretches of the human body, his designs lead the way
for future designs.
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| back 3 Florence
- The Holy Family, Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, Pieta and
David
- Famous for his realistic depiction of the humans
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| back 4 Born in Urbino, Italy worked in Florence
- Paintings of Madonna, Jesus’s Mother, school of Athens and
Transfiguration
- Powerful, elaborate church paintings and
storytelling within his paintings
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| back 5 Belgium
- Mystic Lamb, Arnolfini Portrait
- Used Oil base paint
and created smaller more intimate realism
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| back 6 London, England
- Macbeth, Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, A Midsummer Night’s Dream,
Twelfth Night
- Plays are still used today, Movies and books
are based on his themes
- Macbeth, Romeo and Juliet
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| back 7 - They looked in libraries to find Greece and Rome
classicals
- Artist painted what they saw and were a big impact
on humanism
- Medieval people thought that cities were a
wicked place
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| back 8 - Cities became an integral part of the development
- Science challenged peoples ideas and scientists were very
advanced.
- Focused on human life not religion
- Success
of the individual
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| back 9 - Any ideas to help one’s life were good
- They learned to
use the classical to help with their problems.
- Science,
Ethics, politics
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| back 10 Who started it:
- Petrarch (Petrarca) and Boccaccio - first two renaissance
Humanist
- Came from Italy
How did they start it:
- They translated Greece and Rome and were to a wide audience
and thought their teachings could apply to everyday life.
- Traveled on trade routes and visited cities to find ancient
texts
What was it:
- The goal was to improve human lives and that will lead to
advances in science, literature, architecture and art. Would help
develop new ideas and criticism.
- Their work began to
influence other scholars within Italy and the movement spread(Cities
and trade routes helped).
- Patrons - people who had money to
spend on the arts and education
- Scientists - Started to
challenge existing ideas and observed the natural world
- Artists - Started painting what they observed
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front 11
ideas from regions outside of Europe influence the Renaissance | back 11 - There trade routes expanded across the Mediterranean sea
- Muslims made many scientific and cultural advances(built off
Greek and Roman knowledge)
- Muslim Mathematicians used their
knowledge of the Indian system of numbers
- Made new
discoveries in algebra and geometry
- Europeans came to be
aware of block printing on wood and the process of paper.
- Italy was made up of city-states and not kingdoms
- Each
city controlled their own trade and government
- Interacted a
lot with the Muslim empire (across the Mediterranean)
- Muslim thinkers were strongly influenced by Greeks and Romans
(Text translated to Arabic)
- Medicine - using drugs to cure,
Bacteria causes infection
- Science - astronomy, geography
and architecture
- Muslim and Italian merchants
- Spread the knowledge to advance the Arts and learning
- Spread the knowledge to Italy
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front 12
did the Renaissance spread throughout Europe | back 12 - The king of France brought people in and they later became
patrons of the renaissance.
- Places like Germany and Spain
invaded Italy and the invading soldiers were impressed with the
renaissance
- They learned about the philosophy of humanism and
saw great works of renaissance art.
- Monarchs wanted what
the renaissance was doing and wanted that in their own culture.
- King Henry Vll invited many humanists to his country.
- Renaissance spread to other European Nations like France,
Germany, England, Netherlands and spain
- Merchants,
diplomats and scholars and visited Italy
- leaders
- Started to fund artists and scientists (became patrons)
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front 13
did the ideas of the Renaissance continue to spread and grow | back 13 - Advances in technology helped expose people to Europe to the
Renaissance.
- There movements changed ideas in the bibles
- The renaissance art inspired them
- That invention
significantly increased the number of books available in public
- Enhanced human ideas
- England attempted to eliminate the
abuses and inequalities that were accepted as normal.
- Johannes Gutenberg
- Invented the printing press
- Increased the speed of making books
- Increased the
number books that were available to the public (poor could
read)
- Faster and more books = Spread of humanist ideas
quicker
- Scholars across Europe
- Developed their own
types of humanism
- One big one = Christian Humanism -
Reformation
- Increased the ability to record and pass on
information
- Renaissance ideas spread all over Europe.
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| back 14 - Challenged common beliefs
- Scientists made discoveries
in many fields like biology, astronomy, geography.
- Had
ideas from the past
- During 1500s-1600s
- Believed
that humans are rational (common sense) and have the capacity for
knowledge in all things (education)
- Main goal: Encourage
people to believe in the potential of the human mind
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front 15 Scientific revolution (as a whole) | back 15 - Used the same principles of Greek rationalism to help them
observe and study the world
- Encouraged to study the
universe
- They were criticized because they were teaching
people Greek and Roman text.
- Without studying they could
have never found several important discoveries.
- Francis
Bacon invented the scientific method
- Scientific thinkers
adopted Humanistic ideas and applied them to their fields
- Challenged commonly held ideas
- Biology, astronomy,
geography, and physics
- Main goal: Go back and look at
classical (Greek & Roman) Scientific ideas and prove them right
or wrong.
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| back 16 - Led back to ancient text from Aristotle and Ptolemy
- Went against Greek thinkers like Aristotle
- Developed
new ways and replaced the outdated thoughts of the Greek.
- Sought physical explanations provided by myths
- Scholars
believed in using reason and systematically studying.
- Encouraged the thinkers to observe the universe around them and
to draw new conclusions about the natural world.(Aristotle)
- How it worked rather than accept the commonly held assumptions
or religious doctrine as the only possible answers.
- Thinkers of the Sci. The Revolution had to go against what the
Greek first thought was correct.
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| back 17 - Challenged many ideas of Christians beliefs and teachings.
- The new ideas were up for punishment
- And not always
populated
- Very powerful and influential throughout
Europe
- The Bible and Church doctrine were the authorities on
how the Universe was formed.
- Biblical passages were taken
as proof of any scientific ideas.
- Any theories that went
against the Church’s teachings were considered a departure from the
truth and not accepted.
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| back 18 - Proposed that the sun was actually in the center of the
universe
- Born in 1483 in Toruna, Poland
- Son of a
wealthy merchant and a good education in medicine and religious
laws.
- Worked as a church cleric
- Notions were
accepted about astronomers years ago and could be traced back to
Greek.
- His theory was that Earth and other planets orbit the
sun.
- He also said that the Earth tilts on a axis 24
hours
- Some people believe the delay was so the church
wouldn’t get mad.
- His theories changed astronomy for
ever
- Came up with the Heliocentric theory
- Church
accepted his theory but placed Copernicus’s book on the banned
list
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| back 19 - Born in Germany in 1571
- Family was poor and got
accepted to college by academic scholarship and wanted to become a
minister.
- Later changed his studies to mathematics and
astronomy and later became a math professor.
- Kepler moved
to Prague to work as Brahe’s assistant when he later died Kepler
took over his post.
- Kepler calculated that Mars made an
elliptical or an oval shaped orbit around the sun.
- Kepler's
theory was that the paths of the planets moving around the sun form
ellipses.
- Kepler's other theory was that the planets and the
sun would sweep over equal areas in equal times
- Kepler's
third theory was the average distance between the planets and the
sun.
- Defended Copernicus Heliocentric theory
- Made
improvements to Copernicus theory as well
- Used mathematics
to prove Copernicus
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| back 20 - Was a Italian scientist and worked with telescopes
- And
later suggested a new telescope design of his own in his book
Dioptrice.
- Born in Pisa, Italy in 1564 and went to the
university of Pisa to study medicine and took interest in physics
and math
- Experimented with objects in motion
- Invented the water pump and a type of balance scale that could
measure small objects
- Most famous for his telescope
- He observed the surface f the moon and knew it wasn’t
smooth
- He saw sunspots on the sun and the moon orbiting
Jupiter
- Galileo after his several month trial was convicted
in Heresy.
- Pope John Paul ll apologized for the way he
treated Galileo.
- Observed the moons of Jupiter
- Angered the Catholic church by proving Copernicus theory
- Was put on trial by the Church and sentenced to house arrest
until he died.
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| back 21 - Isaac Newton was an English mathematician, astronomer,
physicist and was born in Lincolnshire on January 4th.
- Newton went to the university of Cambridge and received a
bachelor and master degree.
- New branch of mathematics
called Calculus and made seven discoveries in the optic field.
- He discovered that the sunlight breaks into a spectrum of
rainbow colors when it passes prism.
- Known for discovering
gravity
- Investigated in celestial mechanics
- Published one of the greatest science books in history, the
Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica.
- Explained how
the gravity works between the sun and objects in space
- Earth's gravitational pull attracts objects to the planet’s
core
- 3 laws of motion
- Helped explain why objects
stayed in motion (like planets around the sun).
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