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Anatomy Block III- Foot

front 1 what is the plantar	back 1 part of foot contacting the ground
front 2 what is the dorsum	back 2 dorsal (superior) surface of the foot
front 3 what is the heel	back 3 sole of foot under calcaneous
front 4 what is the ball of the foot	back 4 some of foot under medial two metatarsals

front 5 what is the last part of the foot contacting the ground when walking	back 5 ball of the foot
front 6	back 6 a to b. medial, intermediate, and lateral cuneiform bones c. navicular bone d. talus bone e. calcaneus bone f. cuboid bone g. metatarsals h. proximal, intermediate, distal phalanges
front 7	back 7 a. metatarsals b. medial cuneiform c. navicular d. talus e. calcaneus f. metatarsal g. cuboid h. talus calcaneus
front 8 what are the orders of the toe numbers	back 8 1st toe big, great toe toes 2-5, fifth toe is pinky toe

front 9 what are the general categories of bones of the foot	back 9 tarsals metatarsals phalanges sesamoid bones
front 10 what are the tarsal bones	back 10 calcaneous talus navicular cuboid cuneiform (medial, intermediate, lateral)
front 11 what bones make up the hindfoot and midfoot	back 11 tarsals
front 12 what bones make up the ankle joints	back 12 tarsals

front 13 what bone forms large bony protrusion posteriorly	back 13 calcaneous
front 14 what does the calcaneal tendon attach to (tarsal bone)	back 14 calcaneous
front 15 what is the domed superior tarsal bone	back 15 talus
front 16 what bone wedges between tibia and fibula	back 16 talus

front 17 what tarsal makes up the large portion of the ankle joint	back 17 talus
front 18 what bone articulates with the talus	back 18 navicular
front 19 what tarsal is a crescent shaped bone	back 19 navicular
front 20 what bone is proximal to the cuneiform	back 20 navicular

front 21 what is the most lateral tarsal	back 21 cuboid
front 22 where is the cuneiform relative to the navicular	back 22 distal to the navicular
front 23 what are the different cuneiform bones	back 23 medial (first) intermediate (second) lateral (third)
front 24 how many metatarsals are there	back 24 five

front 25	back 25 a. fibularis longus b. tibialis posterior - plantar calcaneonavicular ligament is ligament behind it c. tibialis anterior d. short plantar ligament e. long plantar ligament f. plantar aponeurosis g. intrinsic plantar muscles - flexor hallucis longus is muscle that wraps around ankle and goes to toe
front 26 what are the long boes that make up the arch/body of the foot	back 26 metatarsals
front 27 how many phalanges are tehre	back 27 14 two off big toe, three off each of the rest
front 28 what are the phalanges	back 28 proximal and distal of big toe proximal intermediate distal off the rest of the toes 2-5

front 29 what are the two odd bones in the muscle tendon at the head of the first metatarsal on plantar surface	back 29 sesamoid bones
front 30 what bones are buried in tendons of flexor hallucis brevis tendons	back 30 sesamoid bones
front 31 what is the purpose of the sesamoid bones	back 31 general frictional forces and change up the angle that flexor hallucis brevis inserts on big toe, giving it more of a mechanical advantage
front 32 what is important about the foot's general role	back 32 major supportive structure that bears weight whenever we stand up or use locomotion

front 33 what is the support function of the foot based on	back 33 three arches
front 34 what do the arches of the foot do?	back 34 act as shock absorbers help support/distribute body weight protect BVs propel body when moving
front 35 why do people with flat feet have problems	back 35 nerves and arteries bothered and pinched
front 36 what are the arches of the foot	back 36 medial longitudinal arch lateral longitudinal arch transverse arch

front 37 where is the medial longitudinal arch	back 37 runs on medial longitudinal border of the foot
front 38 which arch of the foot does not make a footprint	back 38 medial longitudinal arch
front 39 where is the lateral longitudinal arch	back 39 on lateral longitudinal border of the foot, not as high as medial longitudinal arch so it makes a footprint
front 40 where is the transverse arch of the foot	back 40 arrangement of the metatarsal bones themselves

front 41 how do the bones of the arch provide passive support	back 41 due to how they are shaped and interlock structurally
front 42 what are the layers of fibrous tissue that provide passive support to the arches of the feet	back 42 plantar aponeurosis long plantar ligament short plantar ligament plantar calcaneonavicular ligament
front 43 what is the function of the plantar aponeurosis	back 43 protects underlying tendons, muscles, nerves, BVs has arch support function
front 44 what is the plantar aponeurosis	back 44 thickened portion of plantar fascia functions to provide firm attachment for skin and thus improve grip

front 45 where does plantar aponeurosis run	back 45 calcaneus to heads of metatarsals and base of proximal phalanx
front 46 where does the long plantar ligament run	back 46 from calcaneous to metatarsals
front 47 what arches does the long plantar ligament support	back 47 both longitudinal arches
front 48 what layer of the fibrous tissue runs deep to the long plantar ligament	back 48 short plantar ligament

front 49 what layer of fibrous tissue runs from the calcaneous to cuboid tarsal bones	back 49 short plantar ligaments
front 50 what is plantar fasciitis	back 50 inflammation of plantar fascia that makes weight bearing difficult
front 51 where does pain in plantar fasciitis usually originate	back 51 close to calcaneus
front 52 what can sometimes develop in plantar fasciitis	back 52 heel spur

front 53 how can plantar fasciitis be helped	back 53 exercise and stretching of gastroc and soleus severe cases: corticosteroids but this can wear it away too so be careful
front 54 what layer of fibrous tissue provides the main support to the medial longitudinal arch	back 54 plantar calcaneonavicular ligament
front 55 which ligament is considered the spring ligament	back 55 plantar calcaneonavicular
front 56 which layer of fibrous tissue are stretched out over the course of the day	back 56 no data

front 57 what provides dynamic support to the arch	back 57 intrinsice muscles active contractions of muscles
front 58 which muscles actively contract to support the arch	back 58 tibialis anterior fibularis longus
front 59 what is the function of the tibialis anterior relative to the dynamic support of the arch	back 59 supports medial longitudinal arch
front 60 what is the function of the fibularis longus relative to dynamic support of the arch	back 60 cuts across transverse arch and wraps under plantar aspect of foot and supports that transverse arch

front 61 what are two types of foot shapes	back 61 pes planus pes cavus
front 62 what is pes planus	back 62 flat feet
front 63 is pes planus common?	back 63 yes, one reason that people are exempt from army
front 64 what are two types of pes planus	back 64 supple rigid

front 65 what is supple pes planus like	back 65 when foot not weight bearing, their arch looks normal; when weight bearing it flattens out as passive and active supports give way
front 66 what is rigid pes planus due to	back 66 bone alignment fitting a certain way
front 67 what is pes cavus and what is it from	back 67 abnormally high arch due to tight dynamic support
front 68 where do problems in the feet often manifest themselves	back 68 pain in other joints/muscles that usually do not bear stress

front 69 what do the muscles on the dorsum of the foot do	back 69 extend the toes
front 70 what are the muscles of the dorsum of the foot innervated by	back 70 deep fibular nerve
front 71 what artery supplies the dorsum of the foot	back 71 dorsalis pedis artery
front 72 what eventually becomes the dorsalis pedis artery	back 72 femoral to popliteal to anterior tibial to dorsalis pedis artery

front 73 what is the action of the extensor hallucis brevis	back 73 big toe extensor
front 74 what is the action of the extensor digitorum brevis	back 74 extensor of toes 2-5
front 75 what is an important division line on the plantar side of the foot	back 75 central axis of the foot, bisects 2nd toe and goes to calcaneus
front 76 what are two terminal branches of the tibial nerve	back 76 medial and lateral plantar nerve

front 77 what nerves supply the plantar side of the food	back 77 medial and lateral plantar nerves
front 78	back 78 a. extensor digitorum brevis b. extensor hallucis brevis
front 79 what is in the first (superficial) layer of muscles of the plantar side of the foot made of	back 79 two abductors and a flexor
front 80 what is included in the first layer of muscles on the plantar side of the foot	back 80 abductor hallucis flexor digitorum brevis abductor digiti minimi

front 81	back 81 a. abductor digiti minimi b. flexor digitorum brevis c. abductor hallucis
front 82 what innervates the abductor hallucis	back 82 medial plantar nerve
front 83 what innnervates the flexor digitorum brevis	back 83 medial plantar nerve
front 84 what innervates the abductor digiti minimi	back 84 lateral plantar nerves

front 85 what is between the first and second layer of plantar muscles	back 85 plantar nerves and plantar BVs
front 86 what is within the second layer of plantar side foot muscles	back 86 two muscles, two tendons
front 87 what muscles are within the second layer of plantar side foot muscles	back 87 quadratus plantae lumbricals
front 88	back 88 a. lumbricals b. quadratus plantae c. tendon of flexor digitorum longus d. tendon of flexor hallucis longus

front 89	back 89 flexor digiti minimi (3rd layer, looks out of place)
front 90 what tendons are within the second layer of plantar side foot muscles	back 90 tendon of flexor hallucis longus tendon for flexor digitorum longus
front 91 what innervates the quadratus plantae	back 91 LPN
front 92 what innervates the first lumbrical	back 92 MPN

front 93 what innervates the 2-5 lumbricals	back 93 LPN
front 94 what do the lumbricals do	back 94 flex proximal phalanges and extend intermediate and distal phalanges
front 95 where does the quadratus plantae run	back 95 from heel to tendons of flexor hallucis longus
front 96 what is interesting abuot quadratus plantae	back 96 only in lower limb because quadratus plantae pulls on toes so that they don't curl at an angle but straightforward

front 97 what do the lumbricals attach to	back 97 flexor digitorum tendons, run to digits
front 98 what do lumbricals mean	back 98 wormlike
front 99 where are the tendon of flexor hallucis longus and tendon of flexor digitorum longus from	back 99 from leg
front 100 what is in the third layer of plantar muscles of the foot	back 100 one adductor, two flexors

front 101 what are teh msucles in the third layer of plantar muscles in the foot	back 101 flexor hallucis brevis adductor hallucis flexor digiti minimi brevis
front 102	back 102 a. transverse head of adductor hallucis b. oblique head of adductor hallucis c. flexor hallucis brevis
front 103 what is the role of the flexor hallucis brevis	back 103 flexes proximal phalanx of first toe
front 104 what is the action of the adductor hallucis	back 104 active during pushoff phase of gait pulls toes 2-5 and holds transverse arch stable

front 105 where does the flexor hallucis brevis insert	back 105 two sesamoid bones
front 106 what innervates the flexor hallucis brevis	back 106 MPN
front 107 what is interesting about the adductor hallucis	back 107 has two muscle heads, looks like a 7
front 108 what innervates the adductor hallucis	back 108 LPN

front 109 what innervates the flexor digiti minimi brevis	back 109 LPN
front 110 what is included in the fourth layer of the plantar side of the foot	back 110 many short muscles and two tendons
front 111	back 111 a. plantar interossei b. dorsal interossei
front 112 what is the action of the plantar interossei	back 112 adduction of toes

front 113 how many plantar interossei are there	back 113 3
front 114 are the plantar interossei unipennate or dipennate	back 114 unipennate
front 115 whta is the actin of the dorsal interossei	back 115 abduction of toes
front 116 how many dorsal interossei are tehre	back 116 4

front 117 are dorsal interossei unipennate or dipennate	back 117 bipennate
front 118 what are the short muscles that run in between the metatarsals	back 118 interossei
front 119 how many plantar interossei are there	back 119 three
front 120 how mnay dorsal interossei are there	back 120 four

front 121 what are the two tendons of fourth layer of the plantar side of the foot	back 121 tendon of fibularis longus tendon of tibialis posterior
front 122 what are the muscles that are in the fourth layer of the plantar side of the foot	back 122 plantar and dorsal interossei
front 123 what artery supplies the dorsum of the foot	back 123 dorsalis pedis artery
front 124 what areter does the dorsalis pedis artery give off distally	back 124 arcuate artery

front 125 what does the dorsalis pedis artery come off of	back 125 anterior tibial artery
front 126 what comes off the arcuate artery	back 126 deep plantar artery that passes to plantar aspect of foot and small digital branches
front 127	back 127 a. deep plantar artery b. dorsalis pedis artery c. anterior tibial artery
front 128 what is the path of the deep plantar artery	back 128 goes between toes 1 and 2

front 129 where is the dorsalis pedis artery from	back 129 anterior tibial artery
front 130 what is the course of the dorsalis pedis artery	back 130 sends branch to plantar side of foot, anastamoses with some plantar BVs and terminates between first and second toe
front 131 where is the palpable dorsalis pedis pulse	back 131 distal to extensor retinaculum and just laeral to tendon for extensor hallucis longus
front 132 what is the dorsalis pedis artery checked for	back 132 arterial insufficiency

front 133 how much of the populatin have a weak or absent dorsalis pedis artery	back 133 10%
front 134 what is the smaller branch of the posterior tibial artery	back 134 medial plantar artery
front 135 what does the medial plantar artery supply	back 135 medial plantar side of foot
front 136 what is the larger branch of the posterior tibial artery	back 136 lateral plantar artery

front 137	back 137 a. deep plantar artery b. plantar arch c. medial plantar artery d. lateral plantar artery e. posterior tibial artery
front 138 what supplies most of the plantar side of the foot	back 138 lateral plantar artery
front 139 what is the plantar arterial arch a union of	back 139 lateral plantar artery and deep plantar artery (from dorsalis pedis)
front 140 what gives off the digital arteries	back 140 plantar arterial arch

front 141 does the cutaneous information of the foot follow the central axis rule	back 141 nope
front 142 what does the saphenous nerve supply	back 142 medial side of dorsum to first metatarsal
front 143 what does the superficial fibular nerve supply	back 143 dorsum of foot and parts of digits
front 144 what does the deep fibular nerve supply	back 144 between first and second digits

front 145 what does the medial plantar nerve supply	back 145 medial plantar side of foot and first 3.5 digits
front 146 what does the lateral plantar nerve supply	back 146 lateral plantar side of foot and last 1.5 digits
front 147 what does the sural nerve supply	back 147 very lateral side of foot
front 148 what does the tibial nerve supply	back 148 skin of heel

front 149	back 149 a. sural nerve b. deep fibular nerve c. superficial fibular nerve d. deep fibular nerve e. sural nerve f. saphenous nerve
front 150	back 150 a. tibial nerve b. sural nerve c. lateral plantar nerve d. medial plantar nerve