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Anatomy Block III- Popliteal Fossa and Leg

front 1 what is the popliteal fossa	back 1 junction between thigh and leg, a diamond shaped space in back of the knee
front 2	back 2 a. semitendinosus b. semimembranosus c. medial head of gastrocnemius d. lateral head of gastrocnemius e. biceps femoris
front 3 where is the popliteal pulse felt from	back 3 popliteal artery, knee flexed, palpate posteriorly for pulse
front 4 what is the upper medial border of the popliteal fossa	back 4 semimebranosus and semitendonosus

front 5 what is the upper lateral border of the popliteal fossa	back 5 biceps femoris
front 6 what are the lower medial and lateral borders of the popliteal fossa	back 6 medial and lateral heads of the gastrocnemius
front 7 what is the popliteal fossa covered with? what is that continuous with	back 7 covered with popliteal fascia, continuous with fascia latae, which contines down to the fascia of the leg
front 8 does the fossa have a lot of fat	back 8 yes

front 9 what are the contents of the popliteal fossa	back 9 sometimes the end of the sciatic nerve small saphenous vein tibial nerve common fibular nerve popliteal vein popliteal artery
front 10 what does the small saphenous vein drain into	back 10 popliteal vein
front 11 what part of the leg does the small saphenous vein drain	back 11 superficial posterior part of the leg
front 12 where is the tibial nerve in the popliteal fossa	back 12 medial part of fossa

front 13 what is the tibial nerve a branch of	back 13 sciatic nerve
front 14 what is the fibular nerve a branch of	back 14 sciatic nerve
front 15 where does the common fibular nerve leave the popliteal fossa	back 15 the lateral side of the fossa
front 16 where is the popliteal vein in the popliteal fossa	back 16 deep in the fossa, more superficial than the artery

front 17 where is the popliteal artery in the popliteal artery	back 17 deep to popliteal vein
front 18 where does the popliteal artery branch from and what does it give off	back 18 continuation of the femoral artery, gives off some arteries that supply part of the leg like the tibial arteries
front 19 what is another name for the interosseus ligament	back 19 interosseus membrane
front 20	back 20 a. posterior intermuscular septum b. anterior intermuscular septum c. deep (crural) fascia d. interosseus membrane

front 21 which bone of the leg is more medial and which is more lateral	back 21 tibia medial, fibula lateral
front 22 what is the structure of the leg like	back 22 paired long bones with interosseus membranse in both (thick CT between two bones) and each bone has an interosseus border
front 23 what are teh bones of the leg	back 23 tibia fibula tarsal bones and other bones of the foot discussed later
front 24 what is the role of the tibia? what does it articulate with	back 24 weight bearing bone, articulates with the femur

front 25 what is the role of the fibula	back 25 bone for ankle support, also serves as a muscle attachment place and has no femur connection
front 26 what are the lateral and medial malleoli	back 26 they are the lateral and medial prominences on their respective sides of the ankle, formed by the fibula and tibia respectively
front 27 what is the interosseus membrane	back 27 CT joining tibia and fibula
front 28 what is the functional moving role of the interosseus membrane	back 28 allows pivot among the two bones

front 29 what does the interosseus membrane do structurally	back 29 divides anterior and posterior compartments
front 30 what is the crural fascia	back 30 deep fascia of the leg, goes tibia to tibia
front 31 what is the crural fascia continuous with	back 31 continuous superiorly with the popliteal fascia and fascia latae
front 32 what is the role of the anterior intermuscular septum	back 32 divides anterior and lateral compartments

front 33 what is the role of the posterior intermuscular septum	back 33 divides lateral from posteiror compartments
front 34 what is the role of the interosseus membrane structurally	back 34 divides anterior and posterior compartments
front 35 what do muscles in the same compartment typically share	back 35 muscle actions innervation blood supply
front 36 what is the shared action of muscles in the anterior compartment	back 36 dorsiflexion of ankle/foot (pulls toes up)

front 37 where is the anterior compartment relative to the tibia	back 37 lateral
front 38 what is the action of the tibialis anterior	back 38 dorsiflexion and ankle inversion (rolls ankle inwards)
front 39 where does the tibialis anterior attach?	back 39 tarsal bones
front 40 what is the action of the extensor hallucis longus	back 40 dorsiflexion and extension of the toe

front 41 what is the extensor hallucis longus attached to distally	back 41 big toe
front 42 where is extensor hallucis longus	back 42 deep to other anterior muscles, tendon visible
front 43 what is the action of the extensor digitorum longus	back 43 dorsiflexion and helps extend toes 2-5
front 44 what does the extensor digitorum longus connect with	back 44 toes 2-5

front 45	back 45 a. tibialis anterior b. extensor digitorum longus c. fibularis tertius d. extensor hallucis longus
front 46 where is the extensor digitorum longus	back 46 lateral to tibialis anterior
front 47 where does the fibularis tertius run	back 47 small muscle that wraps around lateral side
front 48 what is the action of the fibularis tertius	back 48 weak dorsiflexor and helps evert the ankle

front 49 what does the anterior tibial artery become within the anterior compartment	back 49 dorsalis pedis artery
front 50 what anterior rami make up the deep fibular nerve	back 50 L4-S1
front 51	back 51 a. anterior tibial artery b. deep fibular nerve c. dorsalis pedis artery
front 52	back 52 a. extensor digitorum longus b. extensor hallucis longus c. tibialis anterior

front 53 what does the deep fibular nerve supply	back 53 (Anterior Compartment Muscles) tibialis anterior extensor hallucis longus extensor digitorum longus fibularis tertius
front 54 what compartment is the tibialis anterior in	back 54 anterior
front 55 what compartment is the extensor hallucis longus in	back 55 anterior
front 56 what compartment is the extensor digitorum longus in	back 56 anterior

front 57 what compartment is the fibularis tertius in	back 57 anterior
front 58 what is the shared action of the lateral compartment	back 58 everts and plantarflexes
front 59 where does the lateral compartment insert	back 59 behind lateral malleolus of the fibula
front 60 where are the fibularis longus and fibularis brevis relative to one another	back 60 fibularis longus is superficial to fibularis brevis

front 61	back 61 a. fibularis longus b. fibularis brevis
front 62 what is the function of fibularis longus and fibularis brevis	back 62 evert the foot (contract to prevent ankle inversion) and plantarflexion
front 63 where does the fibular artery come from	back 63 posterior compartment
front 64 what does the fibular artery give off	back 64 perforating branches of the fibular artery

front 65 where does the superficial fibular nerve get its innervation from	back 65 anterior rami of L5-S2
front 66 what muscles does the superficial fibular nerve innervate	back 66 fibularis longus and fibularis brevis
front 67 what is special about the posterior compartment of the leg compared to the rest	back 67 2 layers
front 68 what is the shared action of the posterior compartment	back 68 plantarflexes

front 69 where does the tibial nerve get innervation from	back 69 L4-S3
front 70 what arteries are in the posterior compartment	back 70 posterior tibial artery supplies this compartment fibular artery is found in this compartment but does not supply it
front 71 what vein is in the posterior compartment	back 71 tibial vein
front 72 what muscles are part of the superficial layer of the posterior compartment	back 72 gastrocnemius soleus plantaris

front 73	back 73 a. lateral head of gastrocnemius b. soleus
front 74 what is the role of the gastrocnemius	back 74 flexes knee and plantarflexes
front 75 what is interesting about the gastrocnemius	back 75 has medial and lateral heads, crosses knee joint and attaches to the femur
front 76 what is the power plantarflexor in the posterior compartment	back 76 gastrocnemius, important in running/sprinting

front 77 where is the soleus	back 77 deep to gastrocnemius
front 78 what does the soleus look like	back 78 large flat muscle
front 79 where does the soleus use for attachment (gastrocnemius uses it also)	back 79 achilles tendon
front 80 what is the function of the soleus	back 80 endurance plantarflexor as opposed to the power of the gastrocnemius

front 81 what does the plantaris do that is interesting structurally	back 81 crosses the knee
front 82 where is the tendon for the plantaris go?	back 82 between gastrocnemius and soleus
front 83 what is the role of plantaris	back 83 weak plantarflexor, may be a proprioceptor
front 84 which muscle has a long tendon that is called the medical student nerve	back 84 plantaris

front 85 what is another name for the calcaneal tendon	back 85 achilles tendon
front 86	back 86 calcaneal tendon/achilles tendon
front 87 what do the muscles in the deep posterior layer do	back 87 plantarflex, minus one
front 88	back 88 a. popliteus b. tibialis posterior c. flexor digitorum longus d. flexor hallucis longus

front 89 which one of the deep posterior compartment muscles does not plantarflex	back 89 popliteus
front 90 what does the popliteus do	back 90 helps unlock keen joint, flexes knee
front 91 where is the popliteus located	back 91 deep
front 92	back 92 a. tibial nerve b. posterior tibial artery c. fibular artery

front 93 what innervates the popliteus	back 93 tibial nerve L4-S1
front 94 what is the action of the flexor hallucis longus	back 94 plantarflexion of great toe
front 95 where is the flexor hallucis longus located relative to the rest of the muscles in the deep posterior compartment	back 95 medial
front 96 what is the actino of the flexor digitorum longus	back 96 plantarflexes toes 2-5

front 97 where is the flexor digitorum longus relative to the deep posterior compartment	back 97 lateral
front 98 what is the innervation of the flexor hallucis longus	back 98 tibial nerve S2, S3
front 99 what is the innervation of the flexor digitorum longus	back 99 tibial nerve S2, S3
front 100	back 100 a. tibialis posterior b. flexor digitorum longus c. tibial artery d. tibial nerve e. flexor hallucis longus

front 101 what is the action of the tibialis posterior	back 101 plantarflexes and inverts
front 102 what muscle does the tibialis posterior invert with?	back 102 tibialis anterior
front 103 what innervates the tibialis posterior	back 103 tibial nerve L4 and L5
front 104 what does the artery tree with regard to the popliteal artery, anterior and posterior tibial arteries, and fibular artery look like	back 104 popliteal splits into anterior and posterior tibial, posterior tibial gives off fibular

front 105	back 105 a. flexor hallucis longus b. soleus c. gastrocnemius d. plantaris tendon e. tibial nerve and posterior tibial artery f. flexor digitorum longus g. tibialis posterior
front 106 what is compartment syndrome	back 106 raised pressure due to infection or inflammation causes there to be a lack of blood delivered to tissues, which can lead to necrosis because of the compartmentalization
front 107 how could compartment syndrome develop	back 107 acutely from trauma or infection chronically from inflammation from various sources
front 108 what is often done to help in a compartment syndrome	back 108 fasciotomy, which relieves the pressure

front 109 what is shin splints	back 109 minor case of compartment syndrome, typically in the anterior compartment or deep posterior compartment
front 110 how can shin splints develop	back 110 acute from inflammation from exercise chronic from overuse
front 111 why is the common fibular nerve injury common	back 111 due to superficiality of the nerve
front 112 what are the most common symptoms from common fibular nerve injury	back 112 foot drop and foot flop

front 113 what do you typically lose functionally with common fibular nerve injury	back 113 dorsiflexion
front 114 why is loss of anterior compartment function worse than losing plantarflexion	back 114 because lateral and posterior compartment both help with plantarflexion
front 115 what is the retinaculum	back 115 thickenings of fascia in each compartment
front 116	back 116 a. extensor retinaculum b. fibular retinaculum

front 117	back 117 a. flexor retinaculum
front 118 what does the extensor retinaculum do	back 118 covers most of extensors from anterior compartment superior and inferior that cross all the way over, designed to help hold extensor tendons close to bones, keep them from bowing out
front 119 what are extensor retinaculum injuries usually from	back 119 high ankle sprain
front 120 what does the fibular retinaculum cover	back 120 lateral compartment tendons (fibularis longus and fibularis brevis)

front 121 what does the flexor retinaculum cover	back 121 many of posterior compartment muscles (tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis)
front 122 what innervates the cutaneous lower posterolateral leg	back 122 sural nerve
front 123 what innervates the cutaneous upper lateral leg	back 123 lateral sural cutaneous nerve
front 124 what innervates the cutaneous lower anterolateral leg and dorsum of the foot	back 124 superficial fibular nerve

front 125 what innervates the medial leg	back 125 saphenous nerve
front 126	back 126 a. lateral sural cutaneous nerves b. superficial fibular nerves c. saphenous nerve
front 127	back 127 a. saphenous nerve b. sural nerve c. lateral sural cutaneous nerve
front 128	back 128 no data

front 129	back 129 a. lateral sural cutaneous b. saphehous c. superificial fibular nerve
front 130	back 130 a. saphenous b. sural nerve c. lateral sural cutaneous