Which piece of glassware has a progressively smaller circumference from the bottom to the top?

Erlenmeyer flask

Which machine is used to heat a mixture and stir a mixture using electromagnetic forces?

Hot plate and magnetic stirrer

Which piece of equipment is used to sterilize equipment and media?

Autoclave

Which piece of equipment is used to avoid contamination when working with microbes?

Laminar flow hood

Which piece of equipment is used to measure the amount of material based on absorbance?

Spectrophotometer

Which machine is used to perform polymerase chain reactions?

Thermocycler

Which machine is used to keep liquids at a constant temperature?

Waterbath

Which machine is used to grow and maintain microorganisms at optimal physical conditions?

Incubator

Which tool is used to move microorganisms between cultures and can be repeatedly sterilized?

Inoculating loop

Which machine agitates a mixture in a test tube to make a homogenized mixture?

Vortex micture

Which machine rotates a mixture to separate out the different parts?

Centrifuge

Which machine is used to measure masses?

Analytical balance

Which piece of glassware is used to move liquid culture around an agar plate evenly?

Spreader

Which piece of glassware is the most precise way to measure large amounts of liquid?

Graduated cylinder

Which piece of glassware has an equal circumference from the top to the bottom and cannot be used for precise measuremnts?

Beaker

Which piece of glassware is used to grow microbes in liquid culture?

Test tube

Which piece of glassware is used to grow microbes in solid or semisolid agar?

Petri dish

Which piece of glassware/plastic is used to hold small amounts of liquid in molecular biology?

Microcentrifuge tube

Which pipet is used to transfer the smallest amounts of liquids?

Micropipet

Which pipet moves a fixed volume

Pasteur pipet

Which pipet is used to transfer the largest amounts of liquid?

Serological pipet

Which piece of equipment is used to sterilize tools and glassware on the benchtop?

Microincinerator

Which piece of equipment is used for visualizing microbes?

Microscope

This is the most common type of microscope used

Bright field

This type of microscope causes the light source to hit the specimen at a severely oblique angle

Dark field

A benefit of this microscope is the ability to view live organisms without stains

Phase contrast

When using the scanning objective, the objective magnification would be

4x

When using the low-power objective, the objective magnification would be

10x

When using the high-dry objective, the objective magnification would be

40x

When using the oil immersion objective, the objective magnification would be

100x

Using the provided values for multiple microscopes, what is the mean field of view in micrometers for the 4x objective?

4216.667

Using the provided values for multiple microscopes, what is the mean field of view in micrometers for the 10x objective?

1760.417

Using the provided values for multiple microscopes, what is the mean field of view in micrometers for the 40x objective?

421.667

Using the provided values for multiple microscopes, what is the mean field of view in micrometers for the 100x objective?

176.042

Using the scale bar, what is the size of a single E. coli cell in micrometers using the given picture?

3

Using the scale bar, what is the size of a P. aeruginosa cell in micrometers using the given image?

3.5

Using the scale bar, what is the size of S. epidermidis in micrometers using the provided image?

1.5

Using the scale bar, what is the size of Bacillus in micrometers using the provided image?

2.5

Using the scale bar, what is the size of a single fungi cell in micrometers?

4.5

Which type of cell wall was E. coli?

Gram negative

Which type of cell wall was Pseudomonas?

Gram negative

Which type of cell wall was Bacillus?

Gram positive

Which type of cell wall was Staphylococcus?

Gram positive

Which supergroup do Kinetoplastida, Dipomonads, Euglenazoonans, and Euglenoids belong to?

Excavata

Which supergroup do Cercozoa, Radiolarians, and Foraminiferans belong to?

Rhizaria

Which supergroup to Apicomplexans, Ciliates, and Dinoflagellates belong to?

Alveolata

The phylum Nematodes belongs to which kingdom?

Animals

The phylum Platyhelminthes belongs to which kingdom?

Animals

Which fungus phylum contains bread molds?

Zygomycota

Which phylum contains the fungus that produces penicillin and brewer's yeast?

Ascomycota

Which phylum contains the plant pathogens fungi known as smuts and rusts?

Basidiomycota

Which virus classification includes double stranded DNA?

Class I

Which virus classification includes single stranded DNA?

Class II

Which virus classification includes double stranded RNA?

Class III

Which virus classification includes positive sense single stranded RNA?

Class IV

Which virus classification includes negative sense single stranded RNA?

Class V

Which virus classification includes single stranded RNA with a DNA intermediate?

Class VI

Which virus classification includes double stranded DNA with an RNA intermediate?

Class VII

Which type of stain sticks to the cell and gives them color?

Positive staining

Which type of stain does not stick to the cell, but dries around the cell boundary creating a silhouette?

Negative staining

Which type of stain uses both basic and acidic dyes?

Positive stain

Which type of stain uses acidic dyes?

Negative stain

Which type of stain uses a single dye?

Simple stain

Which type of stain uses two dyes- a primary dye and a counterstain?

Differential stain

Which cell structure does Gram staining react to?

Cell wall

What waxy material in the cell wall does acid-fast staining react to?

Mycolic acid

What cell structure gets stained when the cell is under environmental stress?

Endospore

Name the two stains used in Gram staining

• Crystal violet
• Safranin

Name the two stains used in acid-fast staining

• Methylene blue
• Fuchsin

Name the two stains used in spore staining

• Malachite green
• Safranin

Name the one stain that can be used in negative staining

Nigrosin

Which type of cell wall is indicated by purple/blue in Gram staining?

Gram positive

Which type of cell wall is indicated by pink in Gram staining?

Gram negative

With spore staining, green indicates which structure?

Endospore

With spore staining, red indicates what type of cell?

Vegatative cell

With acid-fast staining, Mycobacterium (acid-fast bacteria) will stain which color because of the presence of mycolic acid?

Red

With acid-fast staining, non-acid-fast bacteria will stain which color?

Blue

Looking at the micrograph, is Staphylococcus aureus Gram positive or Gram negative (blue)?

Gram positive

Looking at the micrograph, is Pseudomonas aeruginosa Gram positive or Gram negative (pink)?

Gram negative

Looking at the micrograph, is Bacillus megaterium Gram positive or Gram negative (blue)?

Gram positive

Looking at the micrograph, is Moraxella cararrhalis Gram positive or Gram negative (pink)?

Gram negative

Looking at the micrograph, does the bacteria Clostridium difficile produce spores (green spores)?

Yes

Looking at the micrograph, does the bacteria Bacillus cereus produce spores (green spores)?

Yes

Looking at the micrograph, does the bacteria Staphylococcus sp. produce spores (pink, no green spores)?

No

Looking at the micrograph does the bacteria Bacillus megaterium produce spores (green spores)?

Yes

Looking at the micrograph, does the bacteria Mycobacterium smegmatis produce the waxy material in its cell wall (pink)?

Yes

Looking at the micrograph, does the bacteria Bacillus cereus produce the waxy material in its cell wall (blue)?

No

Looking at the micrograph, does the bacteria Mycobacteroum tuberculosis produce the waxy material in its cell wall (pink)?

Yes

These media are designed to grow a broad spectrum of microbes that do not have special growth requirements

General Purpose

These media contain complex organism substances such as growth factors that are required for the microbes to grow

Enriched

These media contain substances that absorb oxygen or slow the penetration of oxygen

Anaerobic growth

This type of media is used to maintain and preserve the microbe for a period of time before testing

Specimen transport

This type of media contains one or more agents that inhibit the growth of certain microbes but not another

Selective

This type of media can grow several types of microbes but are designed to bring out visible differences among these microbes

Differential

This type of media is used to count the number of microbes in agricultural, industrial, or environmental samples

Enumeration

This type of media is used to test the effectiveness of microbial drugs, disinfectants and antiseptics

Assay

This type of media contain pure chemical nutrients that vary little from one source to another and have a molecular content with an exact formula

Synthetic media

This type of media is not chemically definable by an exact formula

Nonsynthetic media

This type of media has large molecules such as proteins, polysaccharides, and lipids that can vary greatly in exact composition

Complex media

Nutrient agar or nutrient broth is a general purpose media used for which groups?

Bacteria and Fungi

Potato dextrose agar (PDA) is a general purpose media use for which group?

Fungi

Trypticase soy agar (TSA) or broth is a general purpose media for which group?

Bacteria

Which of the following is commonly used to culture algae?

Salt agar

Which of the following is commonly used to culture paramecium?

Hay infusion

Which of the following is commonly used to culture viruses?

Live host cell

The image of the colony has which type of form?

Circular

The image of the colony has which type of form?

Iregular

The image of the colony has which type of form?

Rhizoid

The image of the colony has which type of form?

Filamentous

The image of the colony has which type of margin?

Entire

The image of the colony has which type of margin?

Lobate

The image of the colony has which type of margin?

Curled

The image of the colony has which type of margin?

Undulate

The image of the colony on the agar shows which form?

Filiform

The image of the colony on the agar slant shows which form?

Beaded

The image of the colony has which elevation?

Convex

The image of the colony has which elevation?

Umbonate

The image of the colony has which elevation?

Crateriform

The image of the colony has which elevation?

Raised

This selective and differential media is used to isolate Staphylococcus

Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA)

This selective and differential media is used to isolate enteric bacteria that hydrolyze urea

Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB)

This selective and differential media is used to isolate enteric bacteria that ferment lactose

MacConkey Agar (MCA)

Which selective media uses high salt concentration to inhibit the growth of non-target bacteria?

Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA)

Which selective media uses crystal violet and bile salts to inhibit the growth of non-target bacteria?

MacConkey Agar (MCA)

Which selective media uses methylene blue to inhibit the growth of non-target bacteria?

Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB)

Mannitol Salt Agar is selective for which bacteria?

Staphylococcus

Eosin Methylene Blue agar is selective for which bacteria?

• Gram-negative
• Enterobacter
• Escherichia
• Salmonella

MacConkey's agar is selective for which bacteria?

• Salmonella
• Shigella

Which media turns yellow when fermentation occurs?

Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA)

Which media turns colonies of Enterobacter (Klebsiella) aerogenes pink?

Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB)

Which media turns colonies of coliform bacteria red?

MacConkey agar (MCA)

Cell division where genome replication is followed directly by the physical separation into two new, identical cells

Binary fission

Cell division where genome replication is separated by a gap phase from the physical separation into two new identical cells

Mitosis

In this phase, limiting factors intensify becoming detrimental to any cell growth

Death phase

In this phase, the cells are adjusting to the environment

Lag phase

In this phase, the cells reach the maximum rate of cell division

Log phase

In this phase, cells will stop growing or grow very slowly

Stationary phase

In this phase, the majority of the cells are alive, but dead cells start to accumulate

Stationary phase

In this phase, there are many living cells and few to none dead cells

Log phase

In this phase, there are few cells present

Lag phase

In this phase, the dead cells take up a larger portion of the culture and little to no growth occurs

Death phase

Of the following absorbance reading samples, which one has more cells present?

0.85

Of the following absorbance reading samples, which one has fewer cells present?

0.05

How many cells are present after 9 generations (starting from 1 cell) of exponential growth?

512

How many cells are present after 13 generations (starting from 1 cell) of exponential growth?

8,102

How many cells are present after 18 generations (starting from 1 cell) of exponential growth?

262,144

How many cells are present after 11 generations (starting from 1 cell) of exponential growth?

2,048

How many cells are present after 7 generations (starting from 1 cell) of exponential growth?

128

A dilution of 1mL bacteria from broth into 1mL broth or water

1:2

A dilution of 1mL bacteria from broth into 3mL broth or water

1:4

A dilution of 1mL bacteria from broth into 11mL broth or water

1:12

A dilution of 1mL bacteria from broth into 7mL broth or water

1:8

A serial dilution of 1:10 followed by 1:100 by 1:100 gives a final dilution of

1:100,000

A serial dilution of 1:10 followed by 1:10 followed by 1:100 gives a final dilution of

1:10,000

A serial dilution of 1:10 followed by 1:10 followed by 1:10 gives a final dilution of

1:1,000

A serial dilution of 1:6 followed by 1:8 gives a final dilution of

1:48

A serial dilution of 1:6 followed by 1:10 gives a final dilution of

1:60

A serial dilution of 1:4 followed by 1:6 gives a final dilution of

1:24

A serial dilution of 1:2 followed by 1:6 gives a final dilution of

1:12

A serial dilution of 1:6 followed by 1:12 gives a final dilution of

1:72

A dilution of 0.1mL bacteria from broth into 9.9mL

1:100

A dilution of 0.1mL bacteria from broth in 999.9mL broth or water

1:10,000

A dilution of 0.1mL bacteria from broth in 99.9mL broth or water

1:1,000

A 1:1,000,00 is which dilution factor?

-6

A 1:100,000 is which dilution factor?

-5

A 1:100,000,000 is which dilution factor?

-8

A 1:10,000,000 is which dilution factor?

-7

Microbes that require oxygen to grow but at much lower levels than 20% are

Microaerophiles

Microbes that can only grow when oxygen is not present are

Obligate anaerobes

Microbes that can only grow when oxygen is present are

Obligate aerobes

Microbes that can grow in oxygen but do not require oxygen for energy metabolism are

Aerotolerant anaerobes

Microbes that are flexible and can grow with or without oxygen are

Facultative anaerobes

Which bacteria have optimal growth between -5°C to 15°C?

Psychrophiles

Which bacteria have optimal growth between 45°C to 75°C?

Thermophiles

Which bacteria have optimal growth between 25°C to 45°C?

Mesophiles

Which bacteria have optimal growth above 75°C?

Hyperthermophiles

A bacterium that grows at a pH of 10 is a

Alkaliphiles

A bacterium that grows at a pH of 4 is a

Acidophiles

A bacterium that grows at a pH of 7 is a

Neutrophiles

These microbes can grow in excessive sugar concentrations

Osmophiles

These microbes require a high concentration of sodium chloride in order to grow

Obligate halophiles

These microbes can grow in moderate concentration of sodium chloride

Halotolerant

A cell that has more solutes than the surrounding environment is

Hypertonic

A cell that has fewer solutes than the surrounding environment

Hypotonic

Water flows (into/out of) a cell that is hypotonic

Out of

Water flows (into/out of) a cell that is hypertonic

Into

When the temperature increases past the optimal, the hydrogen bonding in the RNA breaks down and the proteins denature in this structure

Ribosome

When the temperature increases past the optimal, lipids can be destroyed affecting which structure?

Cell membrane

Which temperature results in white colonies of Serratia?

37°C

When the temperature decreases past the optimal, lipids can freeze affecting which structure?

Cell membrane

When the temperature decreases past the optimal, the activity of this molecule will slow down

Enzyme

When the temperature increases past the optimal, these denature

Enzyme

Which temperature results in pinkish/red colonies of Serratia?

25°C

Which temperature does Serratia grow best at?

37°C

Which temperature does E. coli grow best at?

37°C

Which temperature does GST grow best at?

55°C

Which temperature does Serratia grow the worst at?

55°C

Which temperature does E. coli grow the worst at

55°C

Which temperature does GST grow the worst at?

37°C

Which pH does E. coli grow best at?

7

Which pH does S. epidermidis grow best at?

5

Which pH does A. faecalis grow best at?

7

Which pH does E. coli grow the worst at?

3

Which pH does S. epidermidis grow the worst at?

3

Which pH does A. faecalis grow the worst at?

3