Name the major functions of the large intestine. (Module 22.16A)

• detoxifying alcohol and drugs, producing bile, storing bile
• producing buffers, absorbing vitamins, and storing bile
• producing digestive enzymes, producing acidic chyme, digesting proteins, fats and carbohydrates
• reabsorbing water and compacting material into feces, absorbing vitamins, and storing fecal material
• emulsifying lipids, synthesizing clotting factors, and absorbing and inactivating lipid-soluble drugs

reabsorbing water and compacting material into feces, absorbing vitamins, and storing fecal material

Which of the following descriptions is not related to cholecystokinin (CCK)?

• increases the sensation of hunger
• causes the gallbladder to contract and eject bile
• causes the relaxation of the hepatopancreatic sphincter
• accelerates the production and secretion of digestive enzymes
• secreted when chyme enters the duodenum

Increases the sensation of hunger

What organ is primarily responsible for water absorption?

• large intestine
• anus
• esophagus
• small intestine
• stomach

Large intestine

The gastric phase of gastric secretion is triggered by the

• entry of chyme into the small intestine.
• release of cholecystokinin and secretin by the small intestine,
• entry of food into the stomach.
• entry of chyme into the large intestine.
• sight, thought, or smell of food.

1. Entry of food into the stomach

Which of the following does not enhance the absorptive effectiveness of the small intestine?

• microvilli
• circular folds
• cilia
• villi
• intestinal movements

Cilia

Mary had most of her stomach surgically removed in an effort to overcome obesity. As a result, Mary can expect to be at risk for

• dehydration.
• an ulcer.
• diarrhea.
• vitamin B12 deficiency.
• protein malnutrition.

Vitamin B12 deficiency

Circular folds are

• circumferential folds in the mucosa and submucosa of the small intestine.
• abnormal structures formed by excessive pressure in the small intestine.
• ridges in the wall of the stomach.
• ridges on the external edges of the colon.
• fingerlike projections on the surface of the mucosa of the small intestine.

Circumferential folds in the mucosa and submucosa of the small intestine.

A drug that blocks the action of carbonic anhydrase in parietal cells would result in

• a higher pH in the stomach during gastric digestion.
• a lower pH in the stomach during gastric digestion.
• increased protein digestion in the stomach.
• decreased gastrin production.
• decreased production of pepsinogen by chief cells.

A higher pH in the stomach during gastric digestion

The enzyme pepsin digests

• proteins.
• carbohydrates.
• nucleic acids.
• vitamins.
• lipids.

Proteins

The portion of the small intestine that attaches to the cecum is the

• haustrum.
• duodenum.
• ileum.
• appendix.
• jejunum.

Ileum

Submucosal glands that secrete mucus are characteristic of the

• liver.
• pancreas.
• ileum.
• jejunum.
• duodenum.

Duodenum

All of the following are true of the lining of the stomach except that it

• contains gastric pits.
• recycles bile.
• is covered by thick, alkaline mucus.
• is constantly being replaced.
• has a simple columnar epithelium.

Recycles biles

Name the three pairs of salivary glands. (Module 22.19A)

• caudate, quadrate, falciform
• lingual, sublingual, and submandibular
• buccal, parotid, lingual
• sublingual, submandibular, and parotid
• serous, mucous, and parotid

sublingual,

submandibular,

and parotid

Which of the following is false about secretions from the salivary glands?

• help control bacterial populations in the mouth
• help lubricate the oral cavity and its contents
• contain enzymes for the digestion of lipids
• contain enzymes for the digestion of carbohydrates
• are mostly water

Contain enzymes for the digestion of lipids

Serous cells in the submandibular salivary gland secrete what substance(s)?

• lingual lipase
• lysozyme and salivary amylase
• mucins and water
• intrinsic factor and hydrochloric acid
• gastrin

Lysozyme and salivary amylase

What is the function of the gallbladder? (Module 22.20D)

• synthesize and secrete bile
• store glycogen and lipids
• synthesize clotting factors
• store fat-soluble vitamins
• store and concentrate bile

Store and concentrate bile

Which of the following is not a function of the adult liver?

• producing bile
• synthesizing clotting factors
• producing blood cells
• synthesizing and releasing cholesterol
• storing iron

Producing blood cells

Describe cholecystitis. (Module 22.24B)

• Cholecystitis is inflammation of the liver.
• Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder.
• Cholecystitis is inflammation of the large intestine.
• Cholecystitis is inflammation of the small intestine.
• Cholecystitis is inflammation of the pancreas.

Cholecystokinin is inflammation of the gallbladder

All of the following enzymes are secreted by the pancreas except

• trypsin.
• amylase.
• insulin.
• chymotrypsin.
• nuclease.

Insulin

Blockage of the common hepatic duct would interfere with digestion of

• complex carbohydrates.
• vitamins.
• disaccharides.
• fats.
• proteins.

Fats

Which of the following describes a correct connection with the digestive system?

• Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT) is found throughout the large intestine.
• Capillaries receive fluids delivered by lymphatic vessels.
• The autonomic nervous system directs peristalsis of the intestines.
• The stomach releases hormones such as pepsin and intrinsic factors that assist in digestion.
• Newly absorbed nutrients travel first to the liver via hepatic portal artery.

The autonomic nervous system directs peristalsis of the intestines

What effects might a shortened frenulum of tongue cause? (Module 22.6D)

• difficulty tasting spicy foods
• difficulty tasting sweet foods
• difficulty fighting off infections
• difficulty eating or talking
• difficulty trapping bacteria and other pathogens that enter the oral cavity

Difficulty eating or talking

Explain the significance of peritoneal fluid. (Module 22.9C)

• nutrients pass from the digestive lumen into the peritoneal fluid before entering the bloodstream
• provide a liquid medium for the intestines to be suspended in
• gas exchange occurs in the peritoneal fluid
• prevent friction and irritation when digestive organs move
• hormones travel through the peritoneal fluid to their target digestive organs

Prevent friction and irritation when digestive organs move

The oral mucosa has ________ epithelium.

• stratified columnar
• transitional
• simple squamous
• pseudostratified
• stratified squamous

Stratified squamous

Name the three main parts of a typical tooth. (Module 22.7A)

• papilla, cortex, and medulla
• bulb, shaft, and root
• labia, body, and root
• canal, cavity, and socket
• crown, neck, and root

Crown

neck

root

The functions of the oral cavity include all of the following except

• digestion of carbohydrates.
• mechanical processing of food.
• absorption of monosaccharides.
• analysis of material before swallowing.
• lubrication.

Absorption of monosaccharides

The movement of organic molecules, electrolytes, minerals, and water across the digestive epithelium into interstitial fluid is known as

• ingestion.
• filtration.
• compaction.
• absorption.
• peristalsis.

Absorption

Chemical breakdown of materials by acid and enzymes takes place in the

• oral cavity.
• stomach.
• small intestine.
• large intestine.
• esophagus.

Stomach

The root of each tooth sits in a bony cavity known as a(n)

• sulcus.
• buccal.
• ileum.
• alveolus.
• cement.

Alveolus

Starting at the mouth, identify the major organs of the digestive tract. (Module 22.1B)

• oral cavity (mouth), teeth, tongue, salivary glands, pharynx, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
• oral cavity (mouth), larynx, trachea, esophagus, stomach, pancreas, galibladder
• oral cavity (mouth), pharynx, gallbladder, pancreas, liver, small intestine, large intestine
• oral cavity (mouth), pharynx, larynx, trachea, stomach, small intestine, liver
• oral cavity (mouth), pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

Oral cavity (mouth), pharynx, esophagus, stomach , small intestine, large intestine.

The ability of smooth muscle to contract over a wide range of lengths is called ________, while its normal background level of activity is known as ________.

• extensibility; plasticity
• electicity; spasticity
• plasticity; tone
• plasticity; compaction
• elasticity; tone

Plasticity; tone

Waves of muscular contractions that propel the contents of the digestive tract are called

• peristalsis.
• churning movements.
• segmentations.
• pendular movements.
• mastication.

Peristalsis

Each of the following organs is a component of the digestive tract except the

• stomach.
• bladder.
• pharynx.
• colon.
• esophagus.

Bladder

Contraction of the ________ alters the shape of the intestinal lumen and moves epithelial pleats and folds.

• mucosa
• submucosa
• adventitia
• muscularis mucosa
• submucosal plexus

Muscularis mucosa