Immunological methods are used to identify microbes when microbial antigens in a patient sample are tested with _____.

antibodies of known specificity

Which represent advantages of genotypic methods for diagnosing infections?

• Identifies organisms that are not easily cultured in the lab
• Speed of obtaining results

Using sterile sample containers is an essential feature of the general ______ procedures used to prevent contamination during specimen

aseptic

^{Correctly match each identification technique with the correct category of identification methods}
Gram stain reaction

Phenotypic Method

^{Correctly match each identification technique with the correct category of identification methods}

DNA sequence analysis

Genotypic Method

^{Correctly match each identification technique with the correct category of identification methods}

Antibody precipitation reaction

Immunologic Method

examples of phenotypic methods of identification?

• susceptibility to tetracycline
• enzymatic activities
• optimal pH for growth

Immunological methods are used to identify microbes when a patient sample is tested for the presence of antibodies to _____.

a suspected pathogen

Before collecting specimens to examine for possible bacterial infection, a health care provider should first examine the patient for signs like _____.

• wound exudate
• abnormal lesions
• fever

Performing an assay for the presence of oxidase or determining susceptibility to antibiotics are _____ methods of bacterial identification.

phenotypic

NOT phenotypic methods for direct examination of a specimen?

• hybridization to probe
• DNA sequencing
• PCR

Immunological methods are used to identify microbes when microbial antigens in a patient sample are tested with _____.

antibodies of known specificity

Which term refers to nutrient media designed to favor the growth of certain bacteria over others?

selective media

Selective media should be used to enrich a patient sample for a suspected pathogen when _____

• the normal microbiota will grow faster than the pathogen
• the pathogen is present in small numbers

Nutrient media designed to discriminate between species of microorganisms based upon their appearance due to different chemical reactions are called ________ media

differential

Before collecting specimens to examine for possible bacterial infection, a health care provider should first examine the patient for _____.

signs like fever, wound exudate, or abnormal lesions

Observations of the physiological reactions of bacteria to various substrates and the actions of other enzyme products are used in

biochemical testing

Phenotypic methods for microbial identification include microscopic observation of ______.

Multiple select question.

• stained specimens
• fresh specimens

When a pathogen is present in small numbers or the normal microbiota will rapidly outgrow it, _____ media should be used to enrich a patient sample for the suspected pathogen.

selective

Media that change in appearance based on chemical reactions and discriminate between different bacterial species are called

differential media

Physiological reactions of bacteria to carbohydrates, gelatin, starch, and other substrates are examples of

biochemical

Which of the following is one of the most rapid ways of determining the general characteristics of a specimen?

Microscopic observation

would NOT be clinically significant in determining the presence of an infection?

• ^{Absence of microbes in blood}
• ^{Isolation of small numbers of E. coli from urine sample}
• ^{Isolation of Staphylococcus species from the skin}

Selective media should be used to enrich a patient sample for a suspected pathogen when _____.

• ^{the pathogen is present in small numbers}
• ^{the normal microbiota will grow faster than the pathogen}

Nutrient media designed to discriminate between species of microorganisms based upon their appearance due to different chemical reactions are called

differential media

Testing that is based on visualization of specific antibody and antigen reactions, where the use of a known antigen can identify the presence of an unknown antibody or the use of a known antibody can identify the presence of an unknown antigen, is called

Immunological testing

Observations of the physiological reactions of bacteria to various substrates and the actions of other enzyme products are used in

biochemical testing

At the molecular level, immunologic testing involves the binding of an antibody to a specific site called the

epitope on an antigen.

NOT phenotypic methods for direct examination of a specimen?

• PCR
• DNA sequencing
• hybridization to probe

Which of the following would be clinically significant in determining presence of an infection?

Presence of a few colonies of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a sputum culture

immunologic testing is based on visualization of specific antibody and antigen reactions, where the use of a known antigen can identify the presence of an unknown _______ or the use of a known antibody can identify the presence of an unknown ___________________ .

anitbody

antigen