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CH 10- Muscle Tissue

front 1 Muscle that has a striped appearance is described as being ________. a. elastic b. nonstriated c. excitable d. striated	back 1 striated
front 2 Which element is important in directly triggering contraction? a. sodium (Na+) b. calcium (Ca++) c. potassium (K+) d. chloride (Cl-)	back 2 calcium (Ca++)
front 3 Which of the following properties is not common to all three muscle tissues? a. excitability b. the need for ATP c. at rest, uses shielding proteins to cover actin-binding sites d. elasticity	back 3 at rest, uses shielding proteins to cover actin-binding sites
front 4 The correct order for the smallest to the largest unit of organization in muscle tissue is ________. a. fascicle, filament, muscle fiber, myofibril b. filament, myofibril, muscle fiber, fascicle c. muscle fiber, fascicle, filament, myofibril d. myofibril, muscle fiber, filament, fascicle	back 4 filament, myofibril, muscle fiber, fascicle

front 5 Depolarization of the sarcolemma means ________. a. the inside of the membrane has become less negative as sodium ions accumulate b. the outside of the membrane has become less negative as sodium ions accumulate c. the inside of the membrane has become more negative as sodium ions accumulate d. the sarcolemma has completely lost any electrical charge	back 5 the inside of the membrane has become less negative as sodium ions accumulate
front 6 In relaxed muscle, the myosin-binding site on actin is blocked by ________. a. titin b. troponin c. myoglobin d. tropomyosin	back 6 tropomyosin
front 7 According to the sliding filament model, binding sites on actin open when ________. a. creatine phosphate levels rise b. ATP levels rise c. acetylcholine levels rise d. calcium ion levels rise	back 7 calcium ion levels rise
front 8 The cell membrane of a muscle fiber is called ________. a. myofibril b. sarcolemma c. sarcoplasm d. myofilament	back 8 sarcolemma

front 9 Muscle relaxation occurs when ________. a. calcium ions are actively transported out of the sarcoplasmic reticulum b. calcium ions diffuse out of the sarcoplasmic reticulum c. calcium ions are actively transported into the sarcoplasmic reticulum d. calcium ions diffuse into the sarcoplasmic reticulum	back 9 calcium ions are actively transported into sarcoplasmic reticulum
front 10 During muscle contraction, the cross-bridge detaches when ________. a. the myosin head binds to an ADP molecule b. the myosin head binds to an ATP molecule c. calcium ions bind to troponin d. calcium ions bind to actin	back 10 calcium ions bins to troponin
front 11 Thin and thick filaments are organized into functional units called ________. a. myofibrils b. myofilaments c. T-tubules d. sarcomeres	back 11 sarcomeres
front 12 During which phase of a twitch in a muscle fiber is tension the greatest? a. resting phase b. repolarization phase c. contraction phase d. relaxation phase	back 12 contraction phsase

front 13 Muscle fatigue is caused by ________. a. buildup of ATP and lactic acid levels b. exhaustion of energy reserves and buildup of lactic acid levels c. buildup of ATP and pyruvic acid levels d. exhaustion of energy reserves and buildup of pyruvic acid levels	back 13 exhaustion of energy reserves and buildup of lactic acid levels
front 14	back 14 smooth
front 15 Which type of muscle tissue is this?	back 15 skeletal
front 16 Which type of muscle tissue is this?	back 16 cardiac

front 17 A sprinter would experience muscle fatigue sooner than a marathon runner due to ________. a. anaerobic metabolism in the muscles of the sprinter b. anaerobic metabolism in the muscles of the marathon runner c. aerobic metabolism in the muscles of the sprinter d. glycolysis in the muscles of the marathon runner	back 17 anaerobic metabolism in the muscles of the sprinter
front 18 What aspect of creatine phosphate allows it to supply energy to muscles? a. ATPase activity b. phosphate bonds c. carbon bonds d. hydrogen bonds	back 18 phosphate bonds
front 19 Drug X blocks ATP regeneration from ADP and phosphate. How will muscle cells respond to this drug? a. by absorbing ATP from the bloodstream b. by using ADP as an energy source c. by using glycogen as an energy source d. none of the above	back 19 none of the above
front 20 The muscles of a professional sprinter are most likely to have ________. a. 80 percent fast-twitch muscle fibers and 20 percent slow-twitch muscle fibers b. 20 percent fast-twitch muscle fibers and 80 percent slow-twitch muscle fibers c. 50 percent fast-twitch muscle fibers and 50 percent slow-twitch muscle fibers d. 40 percent fast-twitch muscle fibers and 60 percent slow-twitch muscle fibers	back 20 80 percent fast-twitch muscle fibers and 20 percent slow-twitch muscle fibers

front 21 The muscles of a professional marathon runner are most likely to have ________. a. 80 percent fast-twitch muscle fibers and 20 percent slow-twitch muscle fibers b. 20 percent fast-twitch muscle fibers and 80 percent slow-twitch muscle fibers c. 50 percent fast-twitch muscle fibers and 50 percent slow-twitch muscle fibers d. 40 percent fast-twitch muscle fibers and 60 percent slow-twitch muscle fibers	back 21 20 percent fast-twitch muscle fibers and 80 percent slow-twitch muscle fibers
front 22 Which of the following statements is true? a. Fast fibers have a small diameter. b. Fast fibers contain loosely packed myofibrils. c. Fast fibers have large glycogen reserves. d. Fast fibers have many mitochondria.	back 22 fast fibers have large glycogen reserves.
front 23 Which of the following statements is false? a. Slow fibers have a small network of capillaries. b. Slow fibers contain the pigment myoglobin. c. Slow fibers contain a large number of mitochondria. d. Slow fibers contract for extended periods	back 23 slow fibers have a small network of capillaries.
front 24 Cardiac muscles differ from skeletal muscles in that they ________. a. are striated b. utilize aerobic metabolism c. contain myofibrils d. contain intercalated discs	back 24 contain intercalated discs

front 25 If cardiac muscle cells were prevented from undergoing aerobic metabolism, they ultimately would ________. a. undergo glycolysis b. synthesize ATP c. stop contracting d. start contracting	back 25 stop contracting
front 26 Smooth muscles differ from skeletal and cardiac muscles in that they ________. a. lack myofibrils b. are under voluntary control c. lack myosin d. lack actin	back 26 lack myofibrils
front 27 Which of the following statements describes smooth muscle cells? a. They are resistant to fatigue. b. They have a rapid onset of contractions. c. They cannot exhibit tetanus. d. They primarily use anaerobic metabolism	back 27 they are resistant to fatigue
front 28 From which embryonic cell type does muscle tissue develop? a. ganglion cells b. myotube cells c. myoblast cells d. satellite cells	back 28 myoblast cells

front 29 Which cell type helps to repair injured muscle fibers? a. ganglion cells b. myotube cells c. myoblast cells d. satellite cells	back 29 satellite cells
front 30 Skeletal muscle is _________	back 30 attached to tendons/bones, striated, under voluntary control, multinucleated
front 31 Cardiac muscle __________	back 31 forms most of the wall of the heart, striated, involuntary control, one centrally located nucleus
front 32 Smooth muscle	back 32 non-striated, involuntary, one centrally located nucleus, found in walls of hollow internal structures

front 33 The four properties of muscle tissue include___________	back 33 excitability, contractility, extensibility, and elasticity
front 34 excitability	back 34 ability to respond to stimuli by producing electrical signals
front 35 contractility	back 35 ability to contract and generate force when stimulated
front 36 extensibility	back 36 ability to be stretched without damaging the tissue

front 37 elasticity	back 37 ability to return to original shape after contraction or extension
front 38 Each skeletal muscle is considered an ______	back 38 organ
front 39 deep fascia is composed of _____	back 39 dense irregular connective tissue around muscle with similar functions
front 40 epimysium_____	back 40 surrounds the whole muscle

front 41 perimysium______	back 41 surrounds bundles (fascicles) of 10-100 muscle cells
front 42 endomysium______	back 42 separates individual muscle fibers
front 43 aponeurosis _____	back 43 a sheet-like tendon joining one muscle with another or bone; formed when all connective tissue components come together
front 44 Each skeletal muscle is typically supplied by ______	back 44 a nerve, artery, and two veins

front 45 capillaries in skeletal muscle_____	back 45 bring oxygen and nutrients and remove heat and wastes
front 46 How do mature muscle cells develop?	back 46 from 100 myoblasts that fuse together in the fetus
front 47 What fills the sarcoplasm?	back 47 myofibrils, glycogen, and myoglobin (red-colored, oxygen-binding protein)
front 48 The filaments of myofibrils are arranged into ______	back 48 sarcomeres

front 49 Four steps of contraction cycle include:	back 49 1) ATP hydrolysis 2) attachment of myosin to actin to form crossbridges 3) power stroke 4) detachment of myosin from actin
front 50 Four steps of nerve impulse illiciting muscle action potential	back 50 1) release of ACh 2) activation of ACh receptors 3) production of muscle action potential 4) termination of ACh activity