front 1 Imperialism | back 1 A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries poitically, socially, religiously and/or economically. |
front 2 Yellow Journalism | back 2 sensational, biased and often false journalism. helped fuel desire for the Sp-Am War |
front 3 The Anti-Imperialist League | back 3 organization that fought the McKinley administration's expansionist moves; included the presidents of Stanford and Harvard Universities, and novelist Mark Twain, Gompers, Carnegie, Jane Addams, and W J Bryan |
front 4 Hawaiian annexation | back 4 (1898) intended to extend US territory into the Pacific & highlighted resulted from economic integration & rise of US as a Pacific power. Key provision spot for Ame whaling ships, fertile ground from Ame protestant missionaries and a new source of sugar cane production |
front 5 The Influence of Sea Power Upon History | back 5 an influential treatise on naval warfare written in 1890 by Alfred Thayer Mahan. It details the role of sea power throughout history and discusses the various factors needed to support a strong navy. |
front 6 Spanish American War | back 6 In 1898, a conflict between the United States and Spain, in which the U.S. supported the Cubans' fight for independence |
front 7 Splendid Little War | back 7 Nickname for Spanish American war coined by Hay, indicative of US attitude and cockiness |
front 8 USS Maine | back 8 President McKinley sent this ship to Havana, Cuba, to protect the American citizens and property (eventually blew up and the U.S. blamed Spain) |
front 9 Teller Amendment | back 9 U.S. declared Cuba free from Spain, but this amendment disclaimed any American intention to annex Cuba |
front 10 Platt Amendment | back 10 Amendment to the Cuban constitution (passed b/c of pressure from the US) that allowed the United States to intervene in Cuba and gave the United States control of the naval base at Guantanamo Bay. |
front 11 Philippine-American War | back 11 The conflict that arose when the US tried to annex this Pacific Island chain |
front 12 Insular cases | back 12 court cases that determined that inhabitants of U.S. territories had some, but not all, of the rights of U.S. citizens. |
front 13 Spheres of Influence | back 13 areas in which countries have some political and economic control but do not govern directly (ex. Europe and U.S. in China during Open Door era) |
front 14 Open Door Policy | back 14 A policy that asked powerful and influential countries to respect Chinese rights and promote fair trade with low tariffs. This policy was accepted by other countries and prevented any country from creating a monopoly on Chinese trade. |
front 15 Boxer Rebellion | back 15 1899 rebellion in Beijing, China started by a secret society of Chinese who opposed the "foreign devils". The rebellion was ended by British troops |
front 16 Big Stick Diplomacy | back 16 Diplomatic policy developed by TR that emphasizes US power and TR's readiness to use military force if necessary. It is a way of intimidating countries without actually harming them and was the basis of U.S. imperialistic foreign policy. |
front 17 Roosevelt Corollary | back 17 Roosevelt's 1904 extension of the Monroe Doctrine, stating that the United States has the right to protect its economic interests in South And Central America by using military force |
front 18 Xenophobia | back 18 fear of foreigners/outsiders |
front 19 Panama Canal | back 19 Ship canal cut across the isthmus of ___ by United States Army engineers; it opened in 1915. |
front 20 Dollar Diplomacy | back 20 President Taft's policy of linking American business interests to diplomatic interests abroad |
front 21 Missionary Diplomacy | back 21 Woodrow Wilson's policy contingent on the belief that it was America's responsibility and destiny to spread its institutions and values to the far corners of the globe; also called "moral diplomacy" |
front 22 William Randolph Hearst | back 22 United States newspaper publisher whose introduction of large headlines and sensational reporting changed American journalism (1863-1951) |
front 23 Joseph Pulitzer | back 23 creator of the "New York World;"cut the prices so people could afford it; featured color comics and yellow journalism |
front 24 Alfred Thayer Mahan | back 24 Captain of the U.S. Navy who was for imperialism. He thought that a bigger navy was needed to protect American ships. |
front 25 William McKinley | back 25 25th president, Republican, Spanish-American War, Philippine-American War, and the Annexation of Hawaii, imperialism |
front 26 Queen Liliuokalani | back 26 The Hawaiian queen who was forced out of power by a revolution started by American business interests. |
front 27 Emilio Aguinaldo | back 27 Leader of the Filipino independence movement against Spain (1895-1898). He proclaimed the independence of the Philippines in 1899, but his movement was crushed and he was captured by the United States Army in 1901. |
front 28 Teddy Roosevelt | back 28 26th President (1901-1909) Republican, Harvard Grad, youngest to be president (after McKinley died), filed anti-trust suits |
front 29 William Howard Taft | back 29 27th president of the U.S.; he angered progressives by moving cautiously toward reforms and by supporting the Payne-Aldrich Tariff; he lost Roosevelt's support and was defeated for a second term. |
front 30 Woodrow Wilson | back 30 28th president of the United States, known for World War I leadership, created Federal Reserve, Federal Trade Commission, Clayton Antitrust Act, progressive income tax, lower tariffs, women's suffrage (reluctantly), Treaty of Versailles, sought 14 points post-war plan, League of Nations (but failed to win U.S. ratification), won Nobel Peace Prize |
front 31 Reverend Josiah Strong | back 31 Author of "Our Country: Its possible Future and Its present crisis", summoned Americans to spread their religion and values to the "backward" peoples |
front 32 Richard Olney | back 32 Attorney General of the U.S., he obtained an active injunction that state union members couldn't stop the movement of trains. He moved troops in to stop the Pullman strike. |
front 33 patting the eagle's head | back 33 British policy after the Great Rapprochement with America; Britain was determined to cultivate American friendship. Began around the start of the 20th century. |
front 34 "twisting the lion's tail" | back 34 American tradition of acting against the British or insulting them to gain support of anti-British voting blocks such as the Irish. It persisted for about a century until the start of the 20th century, when the British began the policy of "patting the eagle's head." |
front 35 Great Rapprochement | back 35 After decades of occasionally "twisting the lion's tail," American diplomats began to cultivate close, cordial relations with Great Britain at the end of the nineteenth century—a relationship that would intensify further during World War I. |
front 36 Annexation | back 36 Legally adding land area to a city in the United States |
front 37 Scorched Earth Policy | back 37 Burning live stock and crops to prevent the enemy from living off the land |
front 38 "Butcher" Weyler | back 38 Spanish general whose brutal tactics against Cuban rebels outraged American public opinion |
front 39 Dupuy de Lome | back 39 He was a Spanish minister in Washington who wrote a private letter to a friend concerning President McKinley (called him basically usless and indecisive) The discovery of his letter strained Spanish-American relations, which helped initiate the Spanish-American War. |
front 40 Admiral H. G. Rickover | back 40 figured out what happened to the Maine and that the Spanish were innocent |
front 41 Commodore George Dewey | back 41 Followed Roosevelt's order to attack Spanish forces in the Philippines when war was declared; completely destroyed the Spanish fleet stationed at Manila Bay on May 1, 1898; was immediately promoted to admiral, becoming the first her of the war; his victory shed light on the adjusted purpose of war with Spain from just freeing Cuba to stripping Spain of all of its colonies |
front 42 General William R. Shafter | back 42 The commander of the American forces invading Cuba in 1898. |
front 43 Rough Riders | back 43 Volunteer regiment of US Cavalry led by Teddy Roosevelt during the Spanish American War |
front 44 Colonel Leonard Wood | back 44 Leader of the Rough Riders |
front 45 Theodore Roosevelt | back 45 1858-1919. 26th President. Increased size of Navy, "Great White Fleet". Added Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe Doctrine. "Big Stick" policy. Received Nobel Peace Prize for mediation of end of Russo-Japanese war. Later arbitrated split of Morocco between Germany and France. |
front 46 Guam, Puerto Rico, Philippines | back 46 Americans secured this remote Pacific island from Spain after the war over Cuba. Americans had captured it earlier, before the residents even knew that there was a war going on. |
front 47 Rudyard Kipling | back 47 British writer who wrote of "the white man's burden" and justified imperialism |
front 48 Foraker Act of 1900 | back 48 Congress accorded the Puerto Ricans a limited degree of popular gov't and in 1917, granted then US citizenship. Worked wonders in education, sanitation, transportation, + more |
front 49 Insular Cases | back 49 Beginning in 1901, a badly divided Supreme Court decreed in these cases that the Constitution did not follow the flag. In other words, Puerto Ricans and Filipinos would not necessarily enjoy all American rights. |
front 50 General Leonard Wood | back 50 set up an American military government in Cuba, that advanced government, finance, education, agriculture, and public health; helped Walter Reed attack on yellow fever |
front 51 Dr. Walter Reed | back 51 Doctor who was the head of the Army's Yellow Fever Commission. He proved that Yellow Fever and Malaria was transmitted by Mosquitoes. |
front 52 Benevolent Assimilation | back 52 McKinley and the U.S. were trying to assimilate the Philippines to help them become better. American dollars went to the Philippines to improve roads, sanitation, and public health. Although the U.S. might have looked intrusive, they were actually trying to improve the condition of the Philippines. |
front 53 Secretary of State John Hay | back 53 ex-Lincoln secretary; worked to gain Open Door Notes' acceptance from the major powers |
front 54 Mark Hanna | back 54 An industrialist and Republican politician from Ohio. The campaign manager of McKinley in the 1896, in what is considered the forerunner of the modern political campaign, and subsequently became one of the most powerful members of the U.S. Senate. |
front 55 William Jennings Bryan | back 55 United States lawyer and politician who advocated free silver and prosecuted John Scopes (1925) for teaching evolution in a Tennessee high school (1860-1925) |
front 56 Panama Revolution | back 56 The Isthmus of Panama had been part of Columbia. U.S. tried to negotiate with Columbia to build the Panama Canal. Columbia refused, so U.S. encouraged Panama to revolt. Example of Big Stick diplomacy. |
front 57 Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty | back 57 1903 - U.S. guaranteed the independence of the newly-created Republic of Panama. |
front 58 Colonel George Washington Goethals | back 58 the autocratic West Point engineer in charge of digging the Panama Canal in 1904 |
front 59 Bad Neighbor Policy | back 59 Twist on TR's policy, L. America irritated at US' imposing sphere of influence in the Caribbean Sea. Term used to refer to American policy by foreign nations when the U.S. was using military power to take over Latin American countries... |
front 60 Russia and Japan | back 60 President Theodore Roosevelt received the Nobel Peace Prize for helping to negotiate a peace treaty between to end their war |
front 61 Yellow Peril | back 61 Western term for perceived threat of Japanese imperialism around 1900; met by increased Western imperialism in region |
front 62 Gentleman's Agreement with Japan | back 62 Theodore Roosevelt convinced San Francisco School Board to integrate their Asian students and in return Japan prohibit any more emigration to the US. Ended by Immigration Act of 1924. |
front 63 Great White Fleet | back 63 1907-1909 - Roosevelt sent the Navy on a world tour to show the world the U.S. naval power. Also to pressure Japan into the "Gentlemen's Agreement." |
front 64 Root-Takahira Agreement | back 64 1908 - Japan / U.S. agreement in which both nations agreed to respect each other's territories in the Pacific and to uphold the Open Door policy in China. |