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Instructions for Side by Side Printing
  1. Print the notecards
  2. Fold each page in half along the solid vertical line
  3. Cut out the notecards by cutting along each horizontal dotted line
  4. Optional: Glue, tape or staple the ends of each notecard together
  1. Verify Front of pages is selected for Viewing and print the front of the notecards
  2. Select Back of pages for Viewing and print the back of the notecards
    NOTE: Since the back of the pages are printed in reverse order (last page is printed first), keep the pages in the same order as they were after Step 1. Also, be sure to feed the pages in the same direction as you did in Step 1.
  3. Cut out the notecards by cutting along each horizontal and vertical dotted line
To print: Ctrl+PPrint as a list

9 notecards = 3 pages (4 cards per page)

Viewing:

Slit Lamp Illuminations

front 1

Diffuse Illumination

back 1

A wide beam of light is directed obliquely at the cornea with no attempt to focus the light. It provides a good over all picture of the cornea but no fine details can be seen. It is used primarily for a general survey of the eye. Uses: The extent of a corneal scar or infiltration can be observed along with the presence of folds or straie in Descemet's membrane. Corneal edema may be seen as a hazy grey, somewhat granular appearance.

front 2

Direct Focal Illumination

back 2

The microscope and the beam of light are focused on the same area. There are three types of direct focal illumination: 1) optic section, 2) parallelepiped, and 3) conical beam. Optic section is used to see all layers of the cornea. With it, is possible to determine distortions in the corneal contour and the depth of foreign bodies. Parallelepiped provides a broader view of the anterior and posterior corneal surfaces. It is used to help assess any surface irregularities which may exist and to examine the endothelium. It is often used with flourescein in helping to determine the fit of a contact lens. Conical Beam is the most sensitive method for observing flare or relucency in normal aqueous humor in the anterior chamber. Using high magnification it resembles light penetrating fog.

front 3

Indirect Illumination

back 3

The observer focuses the microscope on an area immediately adjacent to the illuminated position. It is particularly valuable for studying the iris for pathology.

front 4

Retro Illumination

back 4

The light is focused on the deeper structures such as the iris, lens or retina while the microscope is focused to study the more anterior structures in the reflected light. Most typically, the light is reflected from the iris in order to study the cornea. It can be useful for the examination of corneal edema and to view blood vessels that have invaded the cornea. It can also be used to study deposits on Descemet’s membrane.

front 5

Sclerotic Scatter

back 5

A broad beam of light is focused at the temporal limbus so it transilluminates through to the nasal limbus. The microscope is then focused sharply on the cornea. Sclerotic scatter and the unaided eye is used to detect the presence of corneal edema which appears as a foggy patch of cotton.

front 6

Cobalt Blue Filter

back 6

A cobalt blue filter is often used after the instillation of fluorescein to observe staining patterns and lens fit.

front 7

White Filter

back 7

Used to decrease ultraviolet rays and minimally decrease light intensity. It is used primarily for routine examination.

front 8

Neutral Density Filter

back 8

Decreases light intensity about 10%. Used to examine eyelids and conjunctiva. Useful for photophobic patients.

front 9

Green Filter (red free)

back 9

Makes red or brown objects blacker. Useful for observing blood vessels.