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Chap 3 cell A+p

front 1 The three major parts of a cell	back 1 Plasma membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus
front 2 Cell death that is genetically programmed is known as [a], while cell death which is due to tissue injury is known as [b].	back 2 Specified Answer for: a apoptosis Specified Answer for: b necrosis
front 3 [a] are special DNA sequences located at the ends of chromosomes and whose erosion contribues to cellular aging and death.	back 3 telomeres
front 4 The mRNA base sequence that is complementary to the DNA base sequence ATC would be [a].	back 4 UAG

front 5 T/F A small membrane surface area will increase the rate of diffusion across the cell membrane. Correct	back 5 Answer: False Response Feedback: A LARGE membrane surface area will increase the rate of diffusion across the cell membrane. A small surface area will DECREASE the rate of diffusion...
front 6 T/F The cells created during meiosis are genetically different fromt he original cell.	back 6 true
front 7 T/F An important and abundant active mechanism that helps maintain cellular tonicity is the sodium/potassium ATPase pump.	back 7 true
front 8 If the concentration of solutes int he ECF and ICF are equal, the cells is in a(n) __________________ solution.	back 8 isotonic

front 9 Which membrane protein is incorrectly matched with its function?	back 9 carrier: allows cells to recognize each other and foreign cells.
front 10 Place the following steps in protein synthesis in the correct order. __. protein detaches from ribosome when ribosome reaches stop codon on mRNA __. binding of mRNA to a ribosome's small subunit __. transcription of a segment of DNA onto mRNA __. large and small ribosomal subunits join to __. anticodons of tRNA bind to codons of mRNA __. amino acids joined by peptide bonds __. detachment of RNA polymerase after reaching terminator __. attachment of RNA polymerase at promotor __. modification of newly synthesized pre-mRNA by snRNPs before leaving the nucleus and entering the cytoplasm __. initiator tRNA binds to start codon on mRNA create a functional ribosome __. specific amino acids attach to tRNA	back 10 Correct Order 1. attachment of RNA polymerase at promotor 2. transcription of a segment of DNA onto mRNA 3. detachment of RNA polymerase after reaching terminator 4. modification of newly synthesized pre-mRNA by snRNPs before leaving the nucleus and entering the cytoplasm 5. binding of mRNA to a ribosome's small subunit 6. initiator tRNA binds to start codon on mRNA 7. large and small ribosomal subunits join to create a functional ribosome 8. specific amino acids attach to tRNA 9. anticodons of tRNA bind to codons of mRNA 10. amino acids joined by peptide bonds 11. protein detaches from ribosome when ribosome reaches stop codon on mRNA
front 11 Which of the following organelles function primarily in decomposition reactions? (1) ribosomes (2) proteasomes (3) lysosomes (4) centrosomes (5) peroxisomes.	back 11 2, 3, and 5
front 12 Which of the following statements regarding the nucleus are TRUE? (1) Nucleoli within the nucleus are the sites of ribosome synthesis. (2) The nucleus contains the cell's hereditary units (3) The nuclear membrane is a solid, impermeable membrane (4) Protein synthesis occurs within the nucleus. (5) In nondividing cells, DNA is found in the nucleus in the form of chromatin.	back 12 1, 2, and 5

front 13 Match the following terms of cell division with their definitions. prophase, meiosis, cytokinesis, mitosis, metaphase, telophase, , interphase, anaphase ________________ somatic cell division resulting in the formation of two identical cells ________________ reproductive cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes by half ________________ stage when chromatin fibers condense and shorten to form chromosomes ________________ stage when centromeres of chromatid pairs line up at the center of the mitotic spindle ________________ stage when centromeres split and sister chromatids move to opposite poles of the cell ________________ stage when chromosomes uncoil and revert to chromatin ________________ cytoplasmic division ________________ stage of cell division when replication of DNA occurs	back 13 Correct Matching mitosis--somatic cell division resulting in the formation of two identical cells meiosis--reproductive cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes by half prophase--stage when chromatin fibers condense and shorten to form chromosomes metaphase--stage when centromeres of chromatid pairs line up at the center of the mitotic spindle anaphase--stage when centromeres split and sister chromatids move to opposite poles of the cell telophase--stage when chromosomes uncoil and revert to chromatin cytokinesis--cytoplasmic division interphase--stage of cell division when replication of DNA occurs
front 14 Match the following organelles with their descriptions. ribosomes, centrosome, cytoskeleton, rough ER, Golgi complex, lysosomes, mitochondria, peroxisomes, smooth ER, cilia, proteasomes, vesicles, flagellum _________________. network of protein filaments that extend throughout the cytoplasm, providing cellular shape, organization, and movement. _________________. an organizing center for growth of the mitotic spindle _________________. sites of protein synthesis _________________. site where secretory proteins and membrane molecules are synthesized. _________________. functions in synthesizing fatty acids and steroids, helping liver cells release glucose into the blood-stream, and detoxification. _________________. modifies, sorts, packages, and transports molecules synthesized in the rough ER _________________. membrane-enclosed vesicles formed int he Golgi complex that contain strong hydrolytic and digestive enzymes. ________________. membrane-enclosed vesicles that contain enzymes that oxidize various organic substances. ________________. function in ATP generation ________________. short microtubular structures extending from the plasma membrane and involved in movement of materials along the cell's surface. ________________. long microtubular structure extending from the plasma membrane and involved in movement of a cell. ________________. contain enzymes that break apart unneeded, damaged, or faulty proteins into small peptides ________________. membrane-bound sacs that transport, transfer, or secrete proteins	back 14 Correct Answer for Matching Organelles cytoskeleton--network of protein filaments that extend throughout the cytoplasm, providing cellular shape, organization, and movement. centrosome--an organizing center for growth of the mitotic spindle ribosomes--sites of protein synthesis rough ER--site where secretory proteins and membrane molecules are synthesized. smooth ER--functions in synthesizing fatty acids and steroids, helping liver cells release glucose into the blood-stream, and detoxification. Golgi complex--modifies, sorts, packages, and transports molecules synthesized int he rough ER lysosomes--membrane-enclosed vesicles formed int he Golgi complex that contain strong hydrolytic and digestive enzymes. peroxisomes--membrane-enclosed vesicles that contain enzymes that oxidize various organic substances. mitochondria--function in ATP generation cilia--short microtubular structures extending from the plasma membrane and involved in movement of materials along the cell's surface. flagellum--long microtubular structure extending from the plasma membrane and involved in movement of a cell. proteasomes--contain enzymes that break apart unneeded, damaged, or faulty proteins into small peptides vesicles--membrane-bound sacs that transport, transfer, or secrete proteins
front 15 Match the following types of movement through a membrane with their descriptions. facilitated diffusion, osmosis, diffusion, receptor-mediated endocytosis, transcytosis, vesicular transport, exocytosis, phagocytosis, primary active transport, secondary active transport, pinocytosis _________________. the random mixing of particles in a solution due to the kinetic energy of the particles; substances move from high to low concentrations until equilibrium is reached. _________________. movement of water fom an area of higher to an area of lower water concnetration through a selectively permeable membrane. _________________. passive transport in which a solute binds to a specific transporter on one side of the membrane and is released on the other side. _________________. uses energy derived from hydrolysis of ATP to change the shape of a transporter protein, which "pumps" a substance across a cellular membrane against its concentration gradient. __________________. indirectly uses energy obtained fromt eh breakdown of ATP; involves symporters and antiporters. __________________. transport of substances either into or out of the cell by means of small, spherical membranous sac formed by budding off from existing membranes. __________________. type of endocytosis in which large solid particles are taken in. __________________. type of endocytosis that involves the nonselective uptake of tiny droplets of extracellular fluid __________________. movement of materials out of the cell by fusing of secretory vesicles with the plasma membrane _________________. process that allows a cell to take specific ligands fromt he ECF by forming vesicles __________________. vesicular movement involving endocytosis on one side of a cell and subsequent exocytosis on the opposite side of the cell.	back 15 Correct Answer for types of movement through a membrane diffusion--the random mixing of particles in a solution due to the kinetic energy of the particles; substances move from high to low concentrations until equilibrium is reached. osmosis--movement of water fom an area of higher to an area of lower water concnetration through a selectively permeable membrane. facilitated diffusion--passive transport in which a solute binds to a specific transporter on one side of the membrane and is released on the other side. primary active transport--uses energy derived from hydrolysis of ATP to change the shape of a transporter protein, which "pumps" a substance across a cellular membrane against its concentration gradient. secondary active transport--indirectly uses energy obtained fromt eh breakdown of ATP; involves symporters and antiporters. vesicular transport--transport of substances either into or out of the cell by means of small, spherical membranous sac formed by budding off from existing membranes. phagocytosis--type of endocytosis in which large solid particles are taken in. pinocytosis--type of endocytosis that involves the nonselective uptake of tiny droplets of extracellular fluid exocytosis--movement of materials out of the cell by fusing of secretory vesicles with the plasma membrane receptor-mediated endocytosis--process that allows a cell to take specific ligands fromt he ECF by forming vesicles transcytosis--vesicular movement involving endocytosis on one side of a cell and subsequent exocytosis on the opposite side of the cell.