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109 notecards = 28 pages (4 cards per page)

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AAD CH 11

front 1

G. Stanley Hall described adolescence as a __________.

back 1

B) period so turbulent that it resembled the era in which humans evolved from savages into civilized
beings

front 2

Contemporary research shows that the storm-and-stress notion of adolescence __________.

back 2

D) is exaggerated

front 3

Dr. Parsons sees the social environment as being entirely responsible for the range of teenage
experiences, from erratic and agitated to calm and stress-free. His view of adolescence best aligns with
that of which researcher?

back 3

C) Margaret Mead

front 4

Today we know that __________.

back 4

B) biological, psychological, and social forces combine to influence adolescent development

front 5

In most tribal and village societies, __________.

back 5

C) adolescence is only a brief intervening phase between childhood and full assumption of adult roles

front 6

Fourteen-year-old Phil experiences muscle growth and notices the growth of body and facial hair.
Which hormone is responsible for this change?

back 6

B) testosterone

front 7

The first outward sign of puberty is __________.

back 7

D) the rapid gain in height and weight known as the growth spurt

front 8

During puberty, __________.

back 8

A) the cephalocaudal growth trend of infancy and childhood reverses

front 9

Which statement about sex differences in adolescence is true?

back 9

C) The number of red blood cells increases in boys but not in girls.

front 10

Brian is a star high school athlete who has recently exhibited severe mood swings and aggressiveness.
An initial health screening indicates that Brian has acne, excess body hair, and high blood pressure.
Brian’s symptoms are consistent with __________.

back 10

D) anabolic steroid use

front 11

When researchers followed a large, representative sample of U.S. youths from ages 9 to 17, they found
that __________.

back 11

B) daily free-time physical activity declined with age, more so for girls than boys

front 12

Which of the following is a secondary sexual characteristic?

back 12

B) pubic hair

front 13

Female puberty usually concludes with __________.

back 13

D) the completion of breast growth

front 14

Male puberty usually begins with __________.

back 14

B) the enlargement of the testes

front 15

Which girl is the most likely to experience puberty first?

back 15

B) Jaeda, who is an overweight, middle-SES African American

front 16

Girls and (less consistently) boys with a history of family conflict tend to reach puberty __________,
whereas those with warm, stable family ties tend to reach puberty __________.

back 16

D) early; relatively late

front 17

In industrialized nations, age of menarche __________ per decade from 1900 to 1970.

back 17

C) declined by about 3 to 4 months

front 18

In the United States and a few European countries, __________ are responsible for a modest,
continuing trend toward earlier menarche.

back 18

B) soaring rates of overweight and obesity

front 19

fMRI evidence reveals that adolescents __________ than adults do.

back 19

A) recruit the prefrontal cortex’s network of connections with other brain areas less effectively

front 20

Sixteen-year-old Manuel is going to bed later and later, perhaps because of increased neural sensitivity
to evening light. Manuel’s parents should know that he needs about __________ hours of sleep per night.

back 20

C) nine

front 21

Sleep-deprived adolescents __________.

back 21

B) are more likely to suffer from anxiety and irritability

front 22

Which statement about the onset of puberty is true?

back 22

D) Overall, boys get much less social support than girls for the changes of puberty.

front 23

Virtually all __________ know about __________ ahead of time, but many say that no one spoke to
them before or during puberty about physical changes.

back 23

A) boys; ejaculation

front 24

Ceremonies such as the Jewish bar or bat mitzvah and the quinceañera in Hispanic communities
resemble the initiation ceremonies of many tribal and village societies, but they __________.

back 24

A) do not mark a significant change in social status in the larger society

front 25

Western adolescents __________.

back 25

B) are granted partial adult status at many different ages

front 26

Which statement about adolescent moodiness is true?

back 26

B) Younger adolescents’ mood swings are strongly related to situational changes.

front 27

Which teenage boy is the most likely to feel profoundly lonely?

back 27

A) 15-year-old Maurice, who spends Saturday night at home

front 28

Which statement about parent‒child relationships in adolescence is true?

back 28

B) Psychological distancing is a modern substitute for leaving the family around the time of puberty.

front 29

Ann-Marie is having frequent disagreements with her teenage daughter. You can let her know that by
late adolescence, __________.

back 29

A) only a small minority of families experience continuing friction

front 30

Jason, a late-maturing boy, is likely to __________.

back 30

C) experience transient emotional difficulties

front 31

Both adults and peers view Randy as relaxed, independent, and physically attractive. Both groups view Maria as physically attractive, lively, and sociable. Which statement is likely to be true?

back 31

C) Randy is an early-maturing boy, and Maria is a late-maturing girl.

front 32

Early-maturing European-American girls tend to report a __________.

back 32

B) less positive body image than their on-time agemates

front 33

Early-maturing adolescents of both sexes __________.

back 33

C) often seek out older companions

front 34

Follow-up research reveals that __________, especially, are at risk for lasting difficulties.

back 34

D) early-maturing girls

front 35

__________ is strongly associated with healthy eating in teenagers.

back 35

D) Frequency of family meals

front 36

Disturbed eating is highest in __________.

back 36

C) Western nations

front 37

Which statement about anorexia nervosa is true?

back 37

B) During the past half-century, cases of anorexia have increased sharply, fueled by cultural admiration of
female thinness.

front 38

Clarence’s 14-year-old daughter, Annie, has been diagnosed with anorexia. Clarence can expect that
Annie __________.

back 38

D) has an extremely distorted body image

front 39

Which parent–child relationship is the most common among anorexic teenagers?

back 39

A) overprotective and controlling mothers and either controlling or uninvolved fathers

front 40

Which statement about individuals with anorexia nervosa is true?

back 40

B) They usually deny or minimize the seriousness of their disorder.

front 41

Rose suffers from anorexia nervosa. You can tell her parents that the most successful treatment for
Rose is probably __________.

back 41

C) family therapy and medication to reduce anxiety and neurotransmitter imbalances

front 42

Carlie engages in binge eating, followed by deliberate vomiting, purging with laxatives, excessive
exercise, and strict dieting or even fasting. Carlie suffers from __________.

back 42

C) bulimia nervosa

front 43

Individuals with bulimia nervosa usually __________.

back 43

A) feel depressed and guilty about their abnormal eating habits

front 44

Binge-eating disorder __________.

back 44

B) typically leads to overweight and obesity

front 45

Sexual attitudes in North America are __________.

back 45

B) relatively restrictive

front 46

Typically, North American parents __________.

back 46

A) rarely talk about sex in their children’s presence

front 47

__________ is linked to early and frequent teenage sexual activity.

back 47

D) Childhood impulsivity

front 48

Which statement about the sexual behavior of U.S. adolescents is true?

back 48

B) In general, U.S. boys’ and girls’ rates of sexual intercourse are similar.

front 49

Early sexual activity is more common among young people from __________.

back 49

B) economically disadvantaged homes

front 50

Which statement about contraceptive use in adolescence is true?

back 50

C) Self-regulation is difficult for teenagers, who often overlook the potential consequences of risky
behaviors.

front 51

Which set of siblings is most likely to share a homosexual orientation?

back 51

B) Reagan and Kennedy, who are identical twins

front 52

Girls __________ are more likely to develop lesbian or bisexual orientations.

back 52

B) exposed prenatally to very high levels of androgens or estrogens

front 53

Which statement about sexual orientation is true?

back 53

A) Attraction to members of the same sex is not limited to lesbian, gay, and bisexual teenagers.

front 54

Many gay men and lesbians say that they first sensed their biologically determined sexual orientation
between ages __________, when they discovered __________.

back 54

C) 6 and 12; their play interests were more like those of the other gender

front 55

Which statement about self-acceptance among gay, lesbian, and bisexual youths is true?

back 55

D) Coming out can foster self-esteem, psychological well-being, and relationships with family and
friends.

front 56

Young people from ages 15 to 24 __________.

back 56

D) have the highest rates of sexually transmitted infections of all age groups

front 57

Which teen is the most likely to contract a sexually transmitted infection?

back 57

B) Ross from the United States

front 58

Studies show that most adolescents __________.

back 58

C) are poorly informed about how to protect themselves against STIs

front 59

Which statement about the spread of STIs, including HIV, is true?

back 59

D) It is at least twice as easy for a male to infect a female as for a female to infect a male.

front 60

The number of teenage births is considerably lower in the United States than it was 50 years ago
because __________.

back 60

B) about one-fourth of adolescent pregnancies end in abortion

front 61

Which statement about adolescent mothers is true?

back 61

D) Very few give up their infants for adoption.

front 62

Compared with adult mothers, adolescent mothers __________.

back 62

B) perceive their babies as more difficult

front 63

Sex education __________.

back 63

D) must help teenagers build a bridge between what they know and what they do

front 64

In Canada and Western Europe, where community- and school-based clinics offer adolescents
contraceptives and where universal health insurance helps pay for them, __________ than in the United
States.

back 64

D) pregnancy, childbirth, and abortion rates are much lower

front 65

According to the most recent nationally representative survey of U.S. high school students, 47 percent
of tenth graders have tried __________.

back 65

A) drinking

front 66

If Krystal is like 21 percent of U.S. students, by twelfth grade she will __________.

back 66

C) have tried at least one highly addictive and toxic substance

front 67

Occasional drug experimenters are __________.

back 67

C) usually psychologically healthy, sociable, curious young people

front 68

Adolescent drug experimentation __________.

back 68

B) should not be taken lightly, because a single heavy dose can lead to permanent injury or death

front 69

School and community programs that reduce drug experimentation __________.

back 69

B) teach skills for resisting peer pressure

front 70

Adolescents who reach the formal operational stage of cognitive development __________.

back 70

C) no longer require concrete things or events as objects of thought

front 71

According to Piaget, 12-year-old Bula __________.

back 71

A) can “operate on operations”

front 72

Kia, age 14, uses hypothetico-deductive reasoning. Therefore, when faced with a problem, Kia
probably __________.

back 72

D) starts with a hypothesis from which she deduces logical, testable inferences

front 73

Adolescents presented with Piaget’s famous pendulum problem __________.

back 73

B) isolate and test each variable, as well as testing the variables in combination

front 74

Which child is the most likely to evaluate the logic of statements only by considering them against
concrete evidence in the real world?

back 74

D) Wiley, age 9

front 75

Which statement is supported by follow-up research on formal operational thought?

back 75

A) School-age children show the glimmerings of hypothetico-deductive reasoning, although they are less
competent at it than adolescents.

front 76

With respect to propositional thought in an entirely verbal mode, young children have great difficulty
reasoning from premises that contradict reality or their own beliefs because they

back 76

C) fail to grasp the logical necessity of propositional reasoning

front 77

When faced with a propositional reasoning problem, 17-year-old Iris is likely to __________.

back 77

D) justify her reasoning by explaining the logical rules on which it is based

front 78

In an Israeli study of seventh to ninth graders, after controlling for participants’ age, researchers found
that __________ fully accounted for early adolescent gains in propositional thought.

back 78

D) years of schooling

front 79

In adolescence, __________.

back 79

C) inhibition improves

front 80

The ability to distinguish theory from evidence and use logical rules to examine their relationship
__________.

back 80

A) improves steadily from childhood into adolescence

front 81

Sophisticated metacognitive understanding is vital for __________.

back 81

B) scientific reasoning

front 82

Scientific reasoning __________.

back 82

C) develops gradually out of many specific experiences

front 83

Donette is extremely self-conscious. She believes that she is the focus of everyone else’s attention and
concern. Donette is experiencing a cognitive distortion known as __________.

back 83

B) the imaginary audience

front 84

The imaginary audience is most likely responsible for adolescents’ __________.

back 84

C) self-consciousness and sensitivity to public criticism

front 85

Fourteen-year-old Myles is certain he will be a professional baseball player. When his mother makes
him stay home from practice because he has strep throat, Myles says, “You are ruining my life! You have
no idea how hard it is to miss out on something you love to do!” Myles is experiencing a cognitive
distortion known as __________.

back 85

B) the personal fable

front 86

Mr. Vogt is frustrated with his daughter’s exaggerated sense of her personal uniqueness. One way he
could deal with this is to __________.

back 86

A) encourage a more balanced perspective by pointing out that he had similar feelings as a teenager

front 87

Ms. Diehl notices that her son has difficulty making everyday decisions and is sensitive to public
criticism. She can help her son by __________.

back 87

D) offering information about the likelihood of various outcomes

front 88

In a study of sixth through tenth graders, __________ predicted self-esteem and overall positive
adjustment.

back 88

D) sense of omnipotence

front 89

Fifteen-year-old Mary, who has become critical of her parents and siblings, envisions a world with no
injustice or discrimination. This is typical of the __________ that manifests from adolescents’ capacity to
think about possibilities.

back 89

C) idealism

front 90

Compared with adults, in decision making, adolescents __________.

back 90

D) are more enticed by the possibility of immediate reward

front 91

In making decisions, teenagers __________.

back 91

B) take far greater risks than adults in their twenties

front 92

Students report that their __________ school teachers care less about them and are less friendly than
their __________ school teachers.

back 92

A) middle and high; elementary

front 93

Which statement about school transitions is true?

back 93

C) Adolescents facing added strains at school transitions are at greatest risk for academic difficulties.

front 94

Leigh is a depressed teenager who shows a persisting pattern of poor self-esteem, motivation, and
academic achievement. For students like Leigh, the transition to high school __________.

back 94

D) often marks a rise in out-of-school problem behaviors

front 95

Which high school is the most likely to help its students adjust to the school transition?

back 95

B) East High, which provides homerooms that offer counseling

front 96

__________ parenting is linked to higher grades in school among adolescents varying widely in SES.

back 96

D) Authoritative

front 97

High-achieving students typically have parents who __________.

back 97

B) remain invested in their teenagers’ education and keep tabs on academic progress

front 98

Nearly three-fourths of U.S. teenagers __________.

back 98

A) have smartphones

front 99

In a study involving weather predictions, media multitaskers __________.

back 99

B) activated subcortical areas involved in implicit memory

front 100

Compared to students grouped by ability into higher tracks, those in low tracks __________.

back 100

D) experience reduced teacher expectations

front 101

The decline in the overall U.S. high school dropout rate since the mid-2000s is largely due to

back 101

B) substantial gains in Hispanic teenagers’ graduation rates

front 102

The dropout rate in the United States is higher among __________ and is particularly high among
low-SES __________.

back 102

C) boys than girls; ethnic minority youths

front 103

Lane is considering dropping out of high school and finding a job. Lane should know that dropouts
__________ than high school graduates.

back 103

D) are more likely to remain in menial, low-paid jobs

front 104

Compared to students placed in a college preparatory track, students placed in general education and
vocational tracks __________.

back 104

C) are three times as likely to drop out of high school

front 105

Most potential high school dropouts need __________.

back 105

A) intensive remedial instruction in small classes

front 106

To work well, vocational education must __________.

back 106

B) integrate academic and job-related instruction

front 107

Programs that __________ can make staying in school easier for at-risk adolescents.

back 107

C) offer flexible work‒study arrangements

front 108

Which at-risk high school student is most likely to be involved in extracurricular activities?

back 108

A) Hank, who attends a school with 500 students

front 109

More than two-thirds of U.S. high school dropouts __________.

back 109

D) finish their secondary education by their mid-twenties