front 1 C.Q. was recently exposed to group A hemolytic Streptococcus and subsequently developed a pharyngeal infection. His clinic examination reveals an oral temperature of 102.3°F, skin rash, dysphagia, and reddened throat mucosa with multiple pustules. He complains of sore throat, malaise, and joint stiffness. A throat culture is positive for Streptococcus, and antibiotics have been prescribed. The etiology of C.Q.’s disease is | back 1 streptococcal infection |
front 2 A 17-year-old college-bound student receives a vaccine against an organism that causes meningitis. This is an example of | back 2 Primary prevention |
front 3 An obese but otherwise healthy teen is given a prescription for a low-calorie diet and exercise program. This is an example of | back 3 Secondary prevention |
front 4 A patient with high blood pressure who is otherwise healthy is counseled to restrict sodium intake. This is an example of | back 4 secondary prevention |
front 5 After suffering a heart attack, a middle-aged man is counseled to take a cholesterol-lowering medication. This is an example ofN | back 5 tertiary prevention |
front 6 A patient has been exposed to meningococcal meningitis, but is not yet demonstrating signs of this disease. This stage of illness is called the _____ stage. | back 6 latent |
front 7 A disease that is native to a particular region is called | back 7 endemic |
front 8 In general, with aging, organ size and function | back 8 decrease |
front 9 The stage during which the patient functions normally, although the disease processes are well established, is referred to as | back 9 subclinical |
front 10 Your patient’s red blood cell is slightly elevated today. This might be explained by (Select all that apply.) | back 10 a. gender difference. |
front 11 Socioeconomic factors influence disease development because of (Select all that apply.) | back 11 b. environmental toxins. |
front 12 TRUE/FALSE | back 12 True |
front 13 The nurse is swabbing a patient’s throat to test for streptococcal pharyngitis. The nurse must understand that tests such as this differ in the probability that they will be positive for a condition when applied to a person with the condition; this probability is termed sensitivity. | back 13 True |
front 14 All the following stress-induced hormones increase blood glucose except | back 14 Aldosterone |
front 15 The most common tumor-suppressor gene defect identified in cancer cells is | back 15 P53 |
front 16 Necrotic death of brain tissue usually produces _____ necrosis. | back 16 Liquefactive |
front 17 Your patient eats “lots of fat,” leads a “stressful” life, and has smoked “about two packs a day for the last 40 years.” Her chronic morning cough recently worsened, and she was diagnosed with a lung mass. The most likely contributing factor for development of lung cancer in this patient is | back 17 Cigarette smoking |
front 18 In general, with aging, organ size and function | back 18 Decrease |
front 19 The hypermetabolic state leading to cachexia in terminal cancer is thought to be because of | back 19 tumor necrosis factor |
front 20 An increase in organ size and function caused by increased workload is termed | back 20 hypertrophy |
front 21 The stage during which the patient functions normally, although the disease processes are well established, is referred to as | back 21 subclinical |
front 22 Selye’s three phases of the stress response include all the following except | back 22 allostasis |
front 23 After surgery to remove a lung tumor, your patient is scheduled for chemotherapy, which will | back 23 kill rapidly dividing cells |
front 24 A 17-year-old college-bound student receives a vaccine against an organism that causes meningitis. This is an example of | back 24 primary prevention |
front 25 The nurse is swabbing a patient’s throat to test for streptococcal pharyngitis. The nurse must understand that tests such as this differ in the probability that they will be positive for a condition when applied to a person with the condition; this probability is termed sensitivity. | back 25 True |
front 26 Cancer grading is based on | back 26 cell differentiation. |
front 27 Indicators that an individual is experiencing high stress include all the following except | back 27 pupil constriction |
front 28 Retroviruses are associated with human cancers, including | back 28 Burkitt lymphoma. |
front 29 An obese but otherwise healthy teen is given a prescription for a low-calorie diet and exercise program. This is an example of | back 29 secondary prevention. |
front 30 After bronchoscopy and histologic examination of a suspected tumor, your patient is diagnosed with primary bronchial carcinoma. Thus, the tumor | back 30 is malignant. |
front 31 Apoptosis is a process that results in cellular | back 31 Cellular death |
front 32 Extreme cold injures cells by all the following except | back 32 decreased blood viscosity |
front 33 When the cause is unknown, a condition is said to be idiopathic | back 33 True |
front 34 A patient with metastatic lung cancer wants to know her chances for survival. Which response is correct? | back 34 Lung cancer has about a 15% survival rate. |
front 35 Allostasis is best defined as | back 35 the overall process of adaptive change necessary to maintain survival and well-being. |
front 36 A patient has been exposed to meningococcal meningitis, but is not yet demonstrating signs of this disease. This stage of illness is called the _____ stage. | back 36 latent |
front 37 Malignant neoplasms of epiphelial origin are known as | back 37 carcinomas |
front 38 A disease that is native to a particular region is called | back 38 endemic |
front 39 Carbon monoxide injures cells by | back 39 reducing oxygen level on hemoglobin. |
front 40 Breast cancer in women who have the breast cancer gene | back 40 occurs at an earlier age. |
front 41 Paraneoplastic syndromes in cancer involve excessive production of substances by multiple means. A common substance found in excessive amounts resulting from cancer paraneoplastic syndromes is | back 41 calcium |
front 42 Persistence of the alarm stage will ultimately result in | back 42 permanent damage and death. |
front 43 The primary effect of aging on all body systems is | back 43 decreased functional reserve. |
front 44 The primary adaptive purpose of the substances produced in the alarm stage is | back 44 energy and repair |
front 45 In general, a cancer cell that is more tissue-specific differentiated is more likely to be aggressive. | back 45 True |
front 46 The cellular component that is most susceptible to radiation injury is the | back 46 DNA |
front 47 All these cellular responses are potentially reversible except | back 47 Necrosis |
front 48 The effects of excessive cortisol production include | back 48 immune suppression |
front 49 The cellular change that is considered preneoplastic is | back 49 dysplasia |
front 50 Many of the responses to stress are attributed to activation of the sympathetic nervous system and are mediated by | back 50 norepinephrine |
front 51 Reperfusion injury to cells | back 51 involves formation of free radicals. |
front 52 Of the statements below, the accurate statement regarding nutrition and cellular health is | back 52 deficient cellular uptake by one cell type may contribute to excess nutrient delivery to other cell types. |
front 53 Proto-oncogenes | back 53 are normal cellular genes that promote growth. |
front 54 Indicators that an individual is experiencing high stress include all the following except | back 54 pupil constriction |
front 55 The hypermetabolic state leading to cachexia in terminal cancer is thought to be because of | back 55 tumor necrosis factor. |
front 56 Malignant neoplasms of epithelial origin are known as | back 56 carcinomas |
front 57 Which is not normally secreted in response to stress? | back 57 Insulin |
front 58 Familial retinoblastoma involves the transmission of what from parent to offspring? | back 58 Mutant tumor-suppressor gene |
front 59 In general, a cancer cell that is more tissue-specific differentiated is more likely to be aggressive. | back 59 False |
front 60 Persistence of the alarm stage will ultimately result in | back 60 permanent damage and death. |
front 61 Somatic death refers to death | back 61 of the entire organism |
front 62 An obese but otherwise healthy teen is given a prescription for a low-calorie diet and exercise program. This is an example of | back 62 secondary prevention. |
front 63 The effects of excessive cortisol production include | back 63 immune suppression. |
front 64 Your patient is scheduled for a staging procedure. She wants to know what that means. The correct response is which of the following? | back 64 It is a procedure for determining the extent of tumor spread |
front 65 The primary effect of aging on all body systems is | back 65 decreased functional reserve |
front 66 When the cause is unknown, a condition is said to be idiopathic | back 66 True |
front 67 Of the statements below, the accurate statement regarding nutrition and cellular health is | back 67 deficient cellular uptake by one cell type may contribute to excess nutrient delivery to other cell types. |
front 68 The cellular response indicative of injury because of faulty metabolism is | back 68 intracellular accumulations. |
front 69 A patient with metastatic lung cancer wants to know her chances for survival. Which response is correct? | back 69 Lung cancer has about a 15% survival rate. |
front 70 After bronchoscopy and histologic examination of a suspected tumor, your patient is diagnosed with primary bronchial carcinoma. Thus, the tumor | back 70 is Malignant |
front 71 Your patient is scheduled for a staging procedure. She wants to know what that means. The correct response is which of the following? | back 71 It is a procedure for determining the extent of tumor spread. |
front 72 A patient with metastatic lung cancer wants to know her chances for survival. Which response is correct? | back 72 Lung cancer has about a 15% survival rate. |
front 73 After surgery to remove a lung tumor, your patient is scheduled for chemotherapy, which will | back 73 kill rapidly dividing cells. |
front 74 Malignant neoplasms of epithelial origin are known as | back 74 carcinomas |
front 75 Retroviruses are associated with human cancers, including | back 75 Burkitt lymphoma. |
front 76 Cancer grading is based on | back 76 cell differentiation. |
front 77 Deficits in immune system function occur in cancer due to (Select all that apply.) | back 77 chemotherapy. malnutrition. |
front 78 Tumor markers (Select all that apply.) | back 78 are produced by normal cells. |
front 79 Characteristics of telomerase include (Select all that apply.) | back 79 repairs the end caps of chromosomes. |
front 80 Side effects of chemotherapy include (Select all that apply.) | back 80 anemia. |
front 81 In general, a cancer cell that is more tissue-specific differentiated is ____ (more/less) likely to be aggressive. | back 81 Less |
front 82 Necrotic death of brain tissue usually produces _____ necrosis. | back 82 liquefactive |
front 83 Metaplasia is | back 83 the replacement of one differentiated cell type with another. |
front 84 The cellular change that is considered preneoplastic is | back 84 Dysplasia |
front 85 Coagulative necrosis is caused by | back 85 interrupted blood supply. |
front 86 Reperfusion injury to cells | back 86 involves formation of free radicals. |
front 87 Extreme cold injures cells by all the following except | back 87 decreased blood viscosity. |
front 88 The primary effect of aging on all body systems is | back 88 decreased functional reserve. |
front 89 Of the statements below, the accurate statement regarding nutrition and cellular health is | back 89 deficient cellular uptake by one cell type may contribute to excess nutrient delivery to other cell types. |