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chapter 23 respiratory

front 1

Which of the following is not a function of the respiratory system?

A. It helps control the pH of body fluids.
B. It promotes the flow of lymph and venous blood.
C. It helps regulate blood pressure.
D. It assists in the synthesis of vasodilators.
E. It helps with defecation

back 1

D

front 2

The upper respiratory tract extends;
a) From the nose through the trachea.
b) From the nose through the pharynx.
c) From the nose through the larynx.
d) From the nose through the alveoli.
e) From the nose through the lungs.
.

back 2

C

front 3

The nose is divided into right and left halves termed the;
a) Nasal cavities.
b) Nasal fossae
c) Nasal septa.
d) Nasal vestibules.
e) Nasal apertures.b) Nasal fossae

back 3

B

front 4

Which two ligaments extend from the thyroid cartilage to the arytenoid cartilages?
a) Vestibular and vocal ligaments.
b) Laryngeal and corniculate.
c) Corniculate and cricoid.
d) Cricoids and arytenoids.
e) Thyrohyoid and cricoids.

back 4

A

front 5

) The most numerous cells in the lungs are called
a) Mucosal cells.
b) Type I alveolar cells.
c) Type II alveolar cells.
d) Dust cells.
e) Vibrissae

back 5

D

front 6

Each alveolus is surrounded by blood capillaries supplied by
a) The aorta.
b) The pulmonary artery.
c) The pulmonary vein.
d) The inferior vena cava.
e) The superior vena cava.

back 6

B

front 7

Which of the following does not have cilia?
a) The nasal cavity.
b) The trachea.
c) Primary bronchi.
d) Tertiary bronchi.
e) Respiratory bronchioles

back 7

E

front 8

What is the basic distinction between an alveolar duct and an alveolar atrium?
a) Their shape
b) Their size.
c) Their function.
d) Their epithelial type.
e) Presence or absence of cilia.

back 8

A

front 9

Crude sounds are formed into intelligible speech by all of the following except
a) The pharynx.
b) The epiglottis.
c) The oral cavity.
d) The tongue.
e) The lips.

back 9

B

front 10

Which of the following cartilages is largest?
a) The corniculate cartilage.
b) The epiglottic cartilage.
c) The thyroid cartilage.
d) The cricoid cartilage.
e) The arytenoid cartilage.

back 10

C

front 11

____ states that the total pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of its individual gases.
a) Boyle's law.
b) Valsalva's law.
c) Dalton's law.
d) Charles's law.
e) Henry's law.

back 11

C

front 12

In a healthy person, which of the following will have the greatest influence on resistance to pulmonary airflow?
a) Atmospheric pressure.
b) Respiratory rate.
c) Bronchiole diameter.
d) Quantity of surfactant.
e) The diaphragmc) Bronchiole diameter.

back 12

C

front 13

The amount of air in excess of tidal volume that can be inhaled with maximum effort is called
a) Vital capacity.
b) Inspiratory reserve volume.
c) Expiratory reserve volume.
d) Residual volume.
e) Inspiratory capacity

back 13

B

front 14

Vital capacity consists of
a) Inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory volume.
b) Inspiratory reserve volume + tidal volume.
c) Expiratory reserve volume + tidal volume.
d) Expiratory reserve volume + tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume.
e) Respiratory volume + tidal volume.

back 14

D

front 15

Deep, rapid breathing often seen in terminal diabetes mellitus is known as what?
a) Tachypnea.
b) Dyspnea.
c) Orthopnea.
d) Hyperpnea.
e) Kussmaul respiration

back 15

E

front 16

Carbon dioxide is transported by all the following means except
a) Carbaminohemoglobin.
b) Carbonic acid.
c) Carbonate.
d) Bicarbonate ions.
e) Dissolved gas.

back 16

C

front 17

Tom is in respiratory arrest due to an electrical shock. Why does a Good Samaritan have up to 4 or 5 minutes to begin CPR and save Tom's life?
a) Reserve oxygen in Tom's lungs.
b) A venous reserve of oxygen in Tom's blood
c) The ambient Po2 can support life that long.
d) The Haldane effect lasts up to 5 minutes.
e) Tom's hypoxic drive will keep him alive for up to 5 minutes.

back 17

B

front 18

During exercise, which of the following directly increases respiratory rate?
a) Increased H+ level in the blood.
b) The Bohr Effect.
c) Reduced blood pH.
d) Reduced oxyhemoglobin.
e) Anticipation of the needs of exercising muscle

back 18

E

front 19

) Which of the following would slow down gas exchange between the blood and alveolar air?
a) An increase in membrane thickness.
b) An increase in alveolar surface area.
c) An increase in respiratory rate.
d) A decrease in membrane thickness.
e) A decrease in nitrogen solubility

back 19

A

front 20

The addition of CO2 to the blood generates ___ ions in the RBCs, which in turn stimulates RBCs to unload more oxygen.
a) Sodium.
b) Potassium.
c) Nitrogen.
d) Hydrogen.
e) Chloride.

back 20

D

front 21

Which of the following has no effect on oxyhemoglobin dissociation?
a) Epinephrine.
b) Fever.
c) Thyroid hormone.
d) Low pH.
e) Erythrocyte count

back 21

E

front 22

Which has the highest concentration in the air we breathe?
a) Oxygen.
b) Water vapor.
c) Nitrogen.
d) Carbon dioxide.
e) Hydrogen.

back 22

C

front 23

Each hemoglobin molecule can transport up to _____ oxygen molecules.
a) 1.
b) 2.
c) 3.
d) 4.
e) 5.

back 23

D

front 24

Normally the systemic arterial blood has a Po2 of _____ mm Hg, a Pco2 of _____ mm Hg, and a pH of _____.
a) 40; 95; 7.4.
b) 95; 40; 7.4.
c) 7.4; 40; 95.
d) 95; 7.4; 40.
e) 40; 7.4; 95

back 24

B

front 25

Which of the following enzymes in an RBC breaks H2CO3 down to water and carbon dioxide?
a) Hemoglobin.
b) Carboxyhemoglobin.
c) Carbonic anhydrase.
d) Bisphosphoglycerate.
e) Carbaminoreductase

back 25

C

front 26

In one passage through a bed of systemic blood capillaries, the blood gives up about what percentage of its oxygen?
a) 5% to 10%.
b) 10% to 15%.
c) 20% to 25%.
d) 30% to 40%.
e) 70% to 85%.

back 26

C

front 27

Which of the following is the term for a deficiency of oxygen or the inability to utilize oxygen in a tissue?
a) Apoxia.
b) Hypoxia.
c) Anoxia.
d) Cyanosis.
e) Eupnea.

back 27

B

front 28

Congestive heart failure results in which of the following?
a) Hypoxemic hypoxia.
b) Ischemic hypoxia.
c) Anemic hypoxia.
d) Histotoxic hypoxia.
e) Idiopathic hypoxia

back 28

B

front 29

___ is a lung disease marked by a reduced number of cilia, reduced motility of the remaining cilia, goblet cell hypertrophy and hypersecretion, and thick sputum.
a) Asthma.
b) Oat-cell carcinoma.
c) Atelectasis.
d) Chronic bronchitis.
e) Emphysema.

back 29

A

front 30

Which of the following would lead to anemic hypoxia?
a) Sickle-cell disease.
b) Emphysema.
c) Squamous-cell carcinoma.
d) Asthma.
e) Atelectasis.

back 30

A

front 31

A lung disease marked by abnormally few but large alveoli is
a) Cor pulmonale.
b) Pulmonary hemosiderosis.
c) Emphysema.
d) Atelectasis.
e) Collapsed lung

back 31

C

front 32

In ___, the lungs are infected with Mycobacterium and produce fibrous nodules around the bacteria, leading to progressive pulmonary fibrosis.
a) Pneumonia.
b) Dyspnea.
c) Pneumothorax.
d) Tuberculosis.
e) Rhinitis.

back 32

D

front 33

Which malignancy originates in the lamina propria of the bronchi?
a) Squamous-cell carcinoma.
b) Oat-cell carcinoma.
c) Adenocarcinoma.
d) Pulmonary edema.
e) Cor pulmonale.

back 33

C

front 34

Polio can sometimes damage the brainstem respiratory centers and result in
a) A Bohr Effect.
b) Adult respiratory distress syndrome.
c) Pneumothorax.
d) Atelectasis.
e) Ondine's curse

back 34

E

front 35

Which of these is most likely to result from contact between contaminated fingers and the nasal mucosa?
a) Apnea.
b) Adult respiratory distress syndrome.
c) Acute bronchitis.
d) Acute rhinitis.
e) Asthma.

back 35

D

front 36

Scuba divers breathe a nitrogen-oxygen mixture rather than pure compressed oxygen in order to avoid
a) The bends.
b) Oxygen toxicity.
c) Rapture of the deep.
d) Caisson disease.
e) Hypoxemic hypoxia

back 36

B

front 37

Nitrogen bubbles can form in the blood and other tissues when a scuba diver ascends too rapidly, producing a syndrome called
a) Decompression sickness.
b) Hyperbaric disease.
c) Cerebral embolism.
d) Pulmonary barotrauma.
e) Pulmonary edema.

back 37

C

front 38

The vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves carry afferent signals from peripheral chemoreceptors to a chemosensitive area in
a) The pontine respiratory group.
b) The dorsal respiratory group.
c) The ventral respiratory group.
d) The medulla oblongata.
e) The pons.

back 38

D

front 39

Mucus plays an important role in cleansing inhaled air. It is produced by ___ of the respiratory tract.
a) Squamous alveolar cells.
b) Great alveolar cells.
c) The pleurae.
d) Ciliated cells.
e) Goblet cells.

back 39

E

front 40

The blood transports more CO2 in the form of ___ than in any other form.
a) Carbaminohemoglobin.
b) Carboxyhemoglobin.
c) Bicarbonate ions.
d) Dissolved CO2 gas.
e) Bisphosphocarbonate

back 40

C

front 41

Among its other purposes, the Valsalva maneuver is used
a) To aid in defecation and urination.
b) As part of the procedure for giving CPR to a person in respiratory arrest.
c) To ventilate the lungs during eupnea.
d) To expel more than the usual tidal volume from the lungs.
e) To clear carbon monoxide from the body and replace it with oxygen.

back 41

A

front 42

Blood banks dispose of blood that has low levels of bisphosphoglycerate. What would be the probable reason for doing so?
a) A low BPG level causes acidosis of blood.
b) Erythrocytes low in BPG does not unload CO2 very well.
c) Erythrocytes low in BPG does not unload O2 very well.
d) Erythrocytes low in BPG does not load O2 very well.
e) A decline in BPG level is accompanied by a decline in hemoglobin level.

back 42

C

front 43

Your breathing rate is 12 breaths/minute; your tidal volume is 500 mL; your vital capacity is 4700 mL; and your dead air space is 150 mL. Your alveolar ventilation rate is _____ mL/min.
a) 2,400.
b) 3,600.
c) 4,200.
d) 5,600.
e) 6,400.

back 43

C

front 44

Your breathing rate is 14 breaths/minute; spirometric measurements reveal your tidal volume is 500 mL; your inspiratory reserve volume is 3000 mL; and your expiratory reserve volume is 1,200 mL. Your vital capacity is ______ mL.
a) 2,400.
b) 3,000.
c) 3,800.
d) 4,700.
e) 5,800.

back 44

D

front 45

Functions of the respiratory system include all of the following, except.
a) Moving air to and from the exchange surface.
b) Defending the respiratory system and other tissues from pathogenic invasion.
c) Protecting respiratory surfaces from dehydration, temperature changes, or other environmental variations.
d) Preventing choking from accidental respiration of chewed food.
e) Providing an extensive area for gas exchange between air and circulating blood

back 45

D

front 46

Air entering the body is filtered, warmed, and humidified by the:
a) Lower respiratory tract.
b) Alveoli.
c) Lungs.
d) Upper respiratory tract.
e) Bronchioles.

back 46

D

front 47

Large airborne particles are filtered by:
a) Nasal hairs in the vestibule of the nose.
b) The nasal sinuses.
c) The soft palate.
d) The nasopharynx.
e) Choanae.

back 47

A

front 48

The function of the nasal conchae is to:
a) Create turbulence in the air so as to trap small particulates in mucus.
b) Divide the nasal cavity into a right and a left side.
c) Provide a surface for the sense of smell.
d) Provide an opening to the outside of the body.
e) Provide an opening into the pharynx

back 48

A

front 49

Functions of the nasal cavity include all of the following, except
a) Acting as a reservoir during coughing.
b) Humidifying the air.
c) Warming the air.
d) Filtering the air.
e) Acting as a resonating chamber in speech

back 49

A

front 50

The openings to the nostrils are the:
a) Internal nares.
b) Palates.
c) Turbinates.
d) External nares.
e) Vestibules

back 50

D

front 51

The portion of the nasal cavity contained within the flexible tissues of the external nose is the:
a) Nasal septum.
b) Nasopharynx.
c) Vestibule.
d) Glottis.
e) Internal chamber.

back 51

C

front 52

The portion of the pharynx that receives both air and food is the
a) Oropharynx.
b) Nasopharynx.
c) Laryngopharynx.
d) A and B
e) A and C

back 52

E

front 53

The common passageway shared by the respiratory and digestive systems is the
a) Glottis
b) Trachea.
c) Vestibule
d) Pharynx
e) Larynx.

back 53

D

front 54

The openings to the auditory tubes are located in the
a) Oropharynx.
b) Laryngopharynx.
c) Nasopharynx.
d) Nasal cavity.
e) Larynx.

back 54

C

front 55

The palatine tonsils lie in the walls of the
a) Oropharynx.
b) Nasal cavity.
c) Laryngopharynx.
d) Nasopharynx.
e) Larynx.

back 55

A

front 56

he ________ is lined by squamous epithelium.
a) Nasopharynx
b) Trachea
c) Nasal cavity
d) Larynx
e) Laryngopharynx

back 56

E

front 57

The vocal folds are located in the
a) Oropharynx.
b) Nasopharynx.
c) Larynx.
d) Bronchi.
e) Trachea

back 57

C

front 58

The elastic cartilage that shields the opening to the larynx during swallowing is the ________ cartilage.
a) Cricoid
b) Thyroid
c) Corniculate
d) Epiglottic
e) Cuneiform

back 58

D

front 59

________ is the most common lethal inherited disease affecting individuals of Northern European descent.
a) Cystic fibrosis
b) Myasthenia gravis
c) Congestive heart failure
d) Parkinson's disease

back 59

A

front 60

An acute infection of the throat that can lead to swelling and closure of the glottis and cause suffocation. This is known as
a) Strep throat.
b) Epiglottitis.
c) Laryngitis.
d) Tracheolaryngospasm.
e) None of the above

back 60

B

front 61

sthma is
a) a collapsed lung.
b) An acute condition resulting from unusually sensitive irritated conducting airways.
c) Characterized by fluid leaking into the alveoli.
d) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
e) a nosebleed.

back 61

B

front 62

An enlargement of the respiratory passageways is termed
a) COPD.
b) Anoxia.
c) pulmonary embolism.
d) Bronchodilation.
e) Respiratory distress syndrome

back 62

D

front 63

The condition resulting from the inadequate production of surfactant and associated alveolar collapse is
a) Pulmonary embolism.
b) Pneumothorax.
c) COPD.
d) Anoxia.
e) Respiratory distress syndrome.

back 63

E