Disease-causing microorganisms are called

pathogens

the microorganisms that recycle nutrients by breaking down dead matter and wastes are called

decomposers

the microorganisms that do not have a nucleus in their cells are called

prokaryotes

when humans manipulate the genes of microorganisms the process is called

genetic engineering

which of the following is not considered a microorganism

mosquito

all microorganisms are best defined as organisms that

are too small to be seen with the unaided eye

which activity is an example of biotechnology

humans using yeast to make beer and wine

which of the following is a unique characteristic of viruses that distinguishes them from the other major groups of microorganisms

lack cell structure

the dutch merchant who made and used quality magnifying lenses to see and record microorganisms was

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Pasteur used swan-neck flasks in his experiments to prove that

dust in air was a source of living microorganisms.

Which of the following is not a process in the scientific method?

belief in a preconceived idea

Spontaneous generation is the belief that

living things arise from nonliving matter

Koch's postulates are criteria used to establish that

a specific microbe is the cause of a specific disease.

Which of the following is a taxon that contains all the other taxa listed?

kingdom

Which of the following is a scientific name?

Bacillus subtilis

Taxonomy does not involve

Koch's postulates.

The smallest and most significant taxon is

species.

The study of evolutionary relationships among organisms is called

phylogeny.

A scientist studying the sequence of nucleotides in the rRNA of a bacterial species is working
on

determining evolutionary relatedness.

A scientist discovers a new microbial species. It is a single-celled eucaryote without cell walls.
In which kingdom will it likely be classified?

Protista

A scientist collects grass clippings to find the source of an outbreak of tularemia is an
example of working in the field of

epidemiology.

Helminths are

parasitic worms.

All of the following pertain to photosynthesis except

it occurs only in members of the kingdom Plantae

Organisms called parasites are

always harmful to their host.

The surgeon who advocated using disinfectants on hands and in the air prior to surgery was

Joseph Lister

Which scientist showed that anthrax was caused by the bacterium, Bacillus anthracis?

Robert Koch

Select the correct descending taxonomic hierarchy (left to right):

family, genus, species

When assigning a scientific name to an organism

both genus and species names are italicized or underlined.

The scientist/s that proposed organisms be assigned to one of 3 domains is/are

Carl Woese and George Fox.

In Whittaker's system, the protozoa and algae are classified in the kingdom

. Protista.

Which kingdom does not contain any eukaryotes?

Monera

Which of the following are the main decomposers of the earth?

bacteria and fungi

The most common infectious cause of death worldwide is

respiratory infections

Which of the following diseases is transmitted by mosquitoes?

malaria

All of the following are correct about prokaryotes except

they have organelles

All of the following contribute to the rise of emerging diseases except

the decrease in drug resistant bacteria.

Which scientist discovered heat resistant bacterial spores?

Ferdinand Cohn

Which of the following is the correct way to write the scientific name of this bacterium?

Staphylococcus aureus

Where are you most likely to find bacteria belonging to the domain Archaea?

in a hot spring

When microbes are introduced into the environment to restore stability, the process is called

bioremediation

Which of the following diseases probably involves microbial infection?

All of the choices are correct

Members of the same species share many more characteristics compared to those shared by
members of the same kingdom.

True

Viruses are not classified in any of Whittaker's 5 kingdoms.

True

Members of the kingdom Fungi are photosynthetic.

False

A scientist studying helminths is working with bacteria.

False

The fossil record has established that prokaryotes existed on earth for approximately 2 billion
years before eukaryotes appeared.

True

It has been over 25 years since a new infectious disease has emerged in the world.

False

The term sterile means free of all life forms.

True

All microorganisms are parasites.

False

During a scientific experiment, the control group is used to directly test or measure the
consequences of a variable in the study.

False

The scientific method involves formulating a tentative explanation, called the hypothesis, to
account for what has been observed or measured.

True

Once an organism is assigned to a particular taxonomic hierarchy, it is permanent and cannot
be revised.

False

A hypothesis must be tested before it can be considered a theory.

True

The names of the three proposed Domains are: Bacteria, Protista, Eukarya.

False

One distinguishing characteristic of the archaebacteria is that they live in extreme
environments

true

His experimentation led to the explanation of heat-stabile and heat-labile organisms and the
discovery of endospores.

Tyndall

Who established the criteria for identifying which specific organism caused a specific
disease?

Koch

Which group of organisms is studied in the field of microbiology?

All of the above are studied

This is present in eukaryotic but not in prokaryotic cells

organelles

Which of the following is not true of eucaryotic cells?

The chromosome is a single continuous thread.

A common bacterial agent of sore throats is Streptococcus pyogenes; the genus name is

Streptococcus

Pasteur and Tyndall experiments proved

microbes are transmitted via dust particles

The level or organization that includes viruses

subcellular

The level of organization that could be appropriately exemplified by Bacillus subtilis

cellular

Discovered penicillin, which was the first antibiotic, in l929.

Alexander Fleming

Genetic changes that were not present in the parent but enables survival of the offspring best
describes

adaptation

Multicellular parasites that have a complex life cycle and may cause diseases in man

helminths

Dutch spectacle makers who are credited with the discovery of the first compound
microscope, about 1590

The Janssens

Prokaryotic cell division occurs via

binary fission

The type of cell that has a pronounced absence of membrane bound organelles

prokaryotic

Of the following which is not true of viruses?

all of the above are true

Prokaryotic cells may best be described as

cells that have a pronounced absence of organelles

In which level of organization would viruses exist?

sub-cellular

The necessity for elaborate sterilization procedures in hospitals and canneries is due to

endospores

Which of Koch’s postulates states that a particular microbe should be present in every case of that disease?

1

Which domain includes eukaryotic cells?

Eukarya

The following are parts of the scientific method except

biological laws.

Abiogenesis was finally disproved by the work of

Pasteur

A clear association between contamination and infection from maternity wards with regards to
child birth fever was demonstrated by:

Holmes

Protozoa belong to the Kingdom:

Protista.

The agent which causes AIDS is a _____.

virus

A minute, highly durable body which develops in some bacteria that is very resistant to the
environment

endospore

This is the study of the systems for disease resistance

immunology

This is is the process of an organism coping its with environment

adaptation

This is the disproven idea that life arose from nonliving matter

abiogenesis

Who was the virologist that developed the first polio vaccine?

Jonas Salk

What is number 2 of Koch's Postulates?

isolate the microbe and grow in a pure culture in the lab

The smallest taxonomic group in the taxonomic classification scheme is

Species

Although impossible to prove, when using the scientific method, ____ is a scientific theme
that attempts to explain biological observed data or information. This is step 2 in the scientific
method

a hypothesis

In which level of organization do bacteria exist?

cellular

dealt final defeat to theory of abiogenesis

Louis Pasteur

Discovered cells under a microscope

Robert Hooke

Used a recombinant DNA technique to place plant and
animal genes in the bacteria E. coli

Stanley Cohen

Discovered the first antibiotic, penicillin

Alexander Fleming

Linked mosquitoes to the spread of Yellow Fever

Walter Reed

Built the earliest known compound microscope

Janssesns,

One of the first in the first to use antiseptics in surgery

Jospeh Lister

Developed and used four postulates which were used in
sequence to prove that a certain microorganism caused
a certain disease

Robert Koch

Crystaliized and studied the tobacco mosaic virus

Wendell Stanley

Discovered the causative agent of Rocky Mountain
Spotted Fever

Howard Ricketts

Discovered heat stability is linked to the presence of
endospores

John Tyndall

Developed the rabies vaccine and the anthrax vaccine
for sheep

Louis Pasteur

Devised a model of the structure of DNA

Watson and Crick

Developed the first oral polio vaccine

Albert Sabin

Developed recombinant techniques and developed the
field of modern molecular genetics

Frederick Griffith

Developed the vaccine for small pox

Edward Jenner

Helped disprove the theory of spontaneous generation
with his famous meat experiment

Francesco Redi

Discovered the causative agent of anthrax

Robert Koch

Developed the handwashing technique

Ignaz Semmelweis

He is sometimes called the "Father of Bacteriology and
Protozoology."

Anton van Leeuwenhoek,

Cloned the first DNA using plasmids

Stanley Cohen