4. Examine the image of the paranasal sinuses below. The letter D labels the:

a. maxillary sinuses

b. ethmoid sinuses

c. sphenoid sinuses

d. frontal sinuses

c. sphenoid sinuses

____ 5. How many bones comprise the bony orbit?

a. 11

b. 7

c. 9

d. 5

bb. 7

____ 6. The parietoacanthial projection (Waters method) of the sinuses requires the orbitomeatal line to be placed how many degrees from the plane of the IR?

a. 30 degrees

b. 20 degrees

c. 27 degrees

d. 37 degrees

dd. 37 degrees

__ 7. Examine the image of the paranasal sinuses below. The letter B labels the:

a. ethmoid sinuses

b. sphenoid sinuses

c. maxillary sinuses

d. frontal sinuses

a. ethmoid sinuses

____ 9. The OML forms an angle of how many degrees from the plane of the IR for an open-mouth parietoacanthial (Waters method) projection?

a. 45 degrees

b. 25 degrees

c. 35 to 40 degrees

d. 37 degrees

dd. 37 degrees

____ 10. Examine the image of the paranasal sinuses below. The letter D labels the:

a. crista galli

b. vomer

c. cribriform plate

d. perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone

bb. vomer

____ 11. Examine the image of the paranasal sinuses below. What projection (method) is demonstrated?

a. PA axial (Caldwell)

b. parietoacanthial (Waters)

c. SMV

d. lateral

b

b. parietoacanthial (Waters)

____ 12. The two ethmoidal sinuses are located within which bone?

a. maxillary

b. sphenoid

c. frontal

d. ethmoid

dd. ethmoid

____ 13. Examine the image of the paranasal sinuses below. The letter A labels the:

a. sphenoid sinuses

b. frontal sinuses

c. ethmoid sinuses

d. maxillary sinuses

bb. frontal sinuses

____ 185. Which reference line is positioned perpendicular to the angled IR for the PA axial (Caldwell method) projection of the sinuses?

a. AML

b. OML

c. MML

d. IOML

bb. OML

____ 23. Which of the following foramina will be demonstrated in the orbit on a parietoacanthial (Waters method) radiograph?

a. ovale

b. spinosum

c. jugular

d. rotundum

dd. rotundum

____ 30. Which drawing in the figure below demonstrates the correct head position for the Waters method?

a. left

b. right

aa. left

____ 31. Which of the following are included as functions of the sinuses?

(1) decrease the weight of the skull

(2) warm and moisten inhaled air

(3) provide a resonating chamber for voice

a. 1 and 2

b. 1 and 3

c. 1, 2, and 3

d. 2 and 3

cc. 1, 2, and 3

____ 32. Examine the image of the paranasal sinuses below. The letter A labels the:

a. sphenoid sinuses

b. frontal sinuses

c. crista galli

d. ethmoid sinuses

bb. frontal sinuses

____ 37. Examine the image of the paranasal sinuses below. The letter F labels the:

a. maxillary sinuses

b. sphenoid sinuses

c. ethmoid sinuses

d. pharynx

dd. pharynx

____ 43. The sinus identified in the figure below is the:

a. ethmoidal

b. frontal

c. sphenoidal

d. maxillary

dd. maxillary

____ 44. The central ray forms an angle of how many degrees with the OML for the PA axial (Caldwell) projection of the sinuses?

a. 12 degrees

b. 15 degrees

c. 5 degrees

d. 20 degrees

bb. 15 degrees

____ 46. Which of the following reference lines is placed perpendicular to the IR for a parietoacanthial (Waters method) projection?

a. OML

b. AML

c. IOML

d. MML

dd. MML

____ 50. Which sinus is projected through the mouth on the open-mouth modification of the Waters method?

a. maxillary

b. sphenoidal

c. frontal

d. ethmoidal

b. sphenoidal

____ 56. At what age are all of the sinuses completely developed?

a. 18

b. 10

c. 8

d. 14

aa. 18

____ 60. Which of the following should be clearly demonstrated on a lateral projection of the paranasal sinus?

(1) all four sinus groups

(2) superimposed orbital roofs

(3) superimposed mandibular rami

a. 2 and 3

b. 1, 2, and 3

c. 1 and 3

d. 1 and 2

bb. 1, 2, and 3

____ 61. Examine the image of the paranasal sinuses below. The letter C labels the:

a. petrous ridge

b. vomer

c. sphenoid sinuses

d. condyle of the mandible

aa. petrous ridge

____ 62. Which of the following must be projected below the maxillary sinuses for the parietoacanthial projection (Waters method) of the sinuses?

a. sphenoidal sinuses

b. petrous pyramids

c. inferior orbital margin

d. zygomatic bones

bb. petrous pyramids

____ 168. What projection (method) of the facial bones is demonstrated in the image below?

a. AP axial (Towne)

b. PA axial (Caldwell)

c. parietoacanthial (modified Waters)

d. parietoacanthial (Waters)

delete

cc. parietoacanthial (modified Waters)

____ 79. The most effective way to protect the patient from unnecessary radiation during sinus radiography is to use:

(1) low kVp

(2) proper collimation

(3) short exposure times

a. 3 only

b. 1 only

c. 1, 2, and 3

d. 2 only

dd. 2 only

____ 84. Examine the image of the paranasal sinuses below. The letter A labels the:

a. maxillary sinuses

b. ethmoid sinuses

c. sphenoid sinuses

d. frontal sinuses

dd. frontal sinuses

____ 101. Which of the sinuses is developed at birth and visible radiographically?

a. maxillary

b. sphenoidal

c. frontal

d. ethmoidal

aa. maxillary

____ 192. To successfully demonstrate the ethmoidal and sphenoidal sinuses on the SMV projection, which of the following must occur?

(1) the patient must be recumbent

(2) the infraorbitomeatal line must be parallel with the IR

(3) the central ray must be perpendicular to the infraorbitomeatal line and horizontal

a. 2 and 3

b. 1 and 2

c. 1 and 3

d. 1, 2, and 3

aa. 2 and 3

____ 112. Which projection will best demonstrate the frontal and anterior ethmoidal sinuses?

(1) PA

(2) parietoacanthial (Waters)

(3) PA axial (Caldwell)

a. 1 only

b. 2 only

c. 3 only

d. 1, 2, and 3

c

c. 3 only

____ 125. Where are the petrous ridges seen on a parietoacanthial (Waters method) radiograph?

a. in the lower two thirds of the maxillary sinuses

b. inferior to the floor of the maxillary sinuses

c. superior to the maxillary sinuses

d. in the middle of the maxillary sinuses

bb. inferior to the floor of the maxillary sinuses

____ 127. Which sinus is located immediately below the sella turcica?

a. maxillary

b. ethmoidal

c. sphenoidal

d. frontal

cc. sphenoidal

____ 129. For the open-mouth modification of the Waters method, the central ray should exit the:

a. acanthion

b. glabella

c. nasion

d. open mouth

dd. open mouth

____ 130. Patients who are having an examination of the paranasal sinuses should always be examined in the upright position to:

(1) demonstrate the presence or absence of fluid

(2) differentiate between fluid and other pathological conditions

(3) make it easier for the radiographer to position the patient

a. 1 and 2

b. 2 and 3

c. 1 and 3

d. 1, 2, and 3

aa. 1 and 2

____ 136. Examine the image of the paranasal sinuses below. The letter B labels the:

a. frontal sinuses

b. maxillary sinuses

c. ethmoid sinuses

d. sphenoid sinuses

cc. ethmoid sinuses

____ 137. The respiration phase for all projections of the facial bones and sinuses is:

a. inspiration

b. shallow breathing

c. suspended

d. expiration

c. suspended

___ 142. Which reference line is positioned horizontal to ensure proper extension of the head during a lateral projection of the sinuses?

a. MML

b. AML

c. OML

d. IOML

dd. IOML

____ 148. Which projections will demonstrate the ethmoidal sinuses?

(1) lateral

(2) PA axial (Caldwell)

(3) SMV

a. 1 and 2

b. 2 and 3

c. 1, 2, and 3

d. 1 and 3

cc. 1, 2, and 3

____ 159. The largest sinus is the:

a. frontal

b. maxillary

c. sphenoidal

d. ethmoidal

bb. maxillary

____ 165. The central ray is directed perpendicular to which reference line for the SMV projection of the sinuses?

a. OIML

b. MML

c. AML

d. OML

aa. OIML

____ 168. What projection (method) of the facial bones is demonstrated in the image below?

a. AP axial (Towne)

b. PA axial (Caldwell)

c. parietoacanthial (modified Waters)

d. parietoacanthial (Waters)

cc. parietoacanthial (modified Waters)

____ 174. Examine the image of the paranasal sinuses below. The letter E labels the:

a. sphenoid sinuses

b. ethmoid sinuses

c. frontal sinuses

d. maxillary sinuses

aa. sphenoid sinuses

____ 177. When using the angled grid technique for the PA axial (Caldwell method) projection of the sinuses, the vertical grid device must be angled:

a. 20 degrees

b. 7 degrees

c. 15 degrees

d. 10 degrees

cc. 15 degrees

____ 179. At which level should the central ray enter the base of the skull for the SMV projection of the sinuses?

a. inch anterior to the level of the EAM

b. 1 inch below the mental protuberance

c. inch below the mental protuberance

d. inch posterior to the level of the EAM

aa. inch anterior to the level of the EAM

____ 182. Where is the IR centered for the parietoacanthial (Waters method) projection of the sinuses?

a. nasion

b. acanthion

c. inion

d. glabella

bb. acanthion

____ 184. Examine the image of the paranasal sinuses below. The letter B labels the:

a. maxillary sinuses

b. sphenoid sinuses

c. frontal sinuses

d. ethmoid sinuses

aa. maxillary sinuses

____ 185. Which reference line is positioned perpendicular to the angled IR for the PA axial (Caldwell method) projection of the sinuses?

a. AML

b. OML

c. MML

d. IOML

bb. OML

____ 187. Which of the following projections will best demonstrate the maxillary sinuses?

(1) parietoacanthial (Waters)

(2) PA axial (Caldwell)

(3) submentovertical

a. 2 only

b. 3 only

c. 1 only

d. 1, 2, and 3

cc. 1 only

____ 188. The bone identified in the figure below is the:

a. maxilla

b. ethmoid

c. frontal

d. mandible

aa. maxilla

____ 191. Examine the image of the paranasal sinuses below. The letter C labels the:

a. ethmoid sinuses

b. maxillary sinuses

c. petrous ridge

d. sphenoid sinuses

bb. maxillary sinuses

Which of the following statements is (are) true regarding a PA Axial projection of the paranasal sinuses?

1. the OML is elevated 15 degrees from the horizontal

2. the petrous pyramids completely fill the orbits

3. the frontal and ethmoidal sinuses are visualized

a. 1 only

b. 1 and 2 only

c. 1 and 3 only

d. 1, 2, and 3

c. 1 and 3 only

inflammation of one or more of the paranasal sinuses describes

a. parasitis

b. sinusitis

c. nasalitis

d. mucusitis

b. sinusitis