List the four primary image quality factors

Density

Contrast

Detail

Distortion

The amount of blackness on a processed radiograph is called

Density

What exposure factor primarily controls radiographic density

mAs

True/False

For an underexposed radiograph, the mAs must be increased by a factor of four to produce a visible change in radiographic density.

False

A radiograph of the knee reveals that it is overexposed and must be repeated. The original technique used was 10 mAs. What change will improve the image during the repeat exposure?

Decrease to 5 mAs

The primary controlling factor for radiographic contrast is:

kV

Low contrast gives

long scale (110 kV, 10 mAs)

High contrast gives

short-scale (50 kV, 800 mAs)

True /False

kV is a secondary controlling factor for radiographic density.

True

True/False

A low kV technique (50 kV) produces a long-scale contrast.

False

A radiograph of the elbow reveals that it is over exposed. The technologist wants to adjust kV rather than mAs for the repeat exposure. This is contrary to common practice. The original analog exposure factors were 70 kV and 5 mAs. What new kV setting would reduce radiographic density by one-half?

60 kV and 5 mAs

What techniques or devices will reduce the amount of scatter radiation striking the IR?

Collimnation

Grids

Lower kV

True/False

Recorded detail or spacial resolution is optimal with a long object image receptor distance (OID) and a short SID.

False

What best controls involuntary cardiac motion artifact?

shortening the exposure time

What spacial resolution factors increase resolution and geometric sharpness?

small focal spot

increase in SID

decrease in OID

Rather than rely on the anode heel effect, what can be used to equalize density of specific anatomy?

Compensating filter

Which type of compensating filter is recommended for an AP projection of the shoulder?

boomerang

which type of compensation filter is recommended for an axiolateral hip projection?

wedge

which type of grid cutoff is created if the CR and the face of the grid are not perpendicular to each other?

off-level

which of the following projections require the use of a grid?

PA Hand

AP Abdomen

Axial calcaneus (heel)

AP Elbow

AP Abdomen

The misrepresentation of an object's size or shape projected on a radiograph is called:

Distortion

To minimize radiographic distortion how should SID and OID be manipulated?

Greater SID and shorter OID

True/False:

To best use the anode heel effect, the thinner aspect of the anatomic part should be placed under the cathode aspect of the x-ray tube.

False

The best method to reduce distortion of the joints of the hand is to keep the fingers __________ to the IR.

Parallel

Which of the following factors affects spatial resolution to the greatest degree?

Use of a grid

kV

Focal spot size

mAs

Focal spot size