The first full-scale PACS was installed in 1993 in

Baltimore

A look-up table maps

image gray scale values

Which of the following best describes the sequence for PSP image capture?

Phosphor plate, focused laser light scanner, photomuliplier, analog-digital converter, review station

The earliest CT of the head took several hours to acquire a single slice of information.

True or False

True

DICOM is a standard that allows imaging modalities and PACS to communicate in the same language.

True or False

True

Film and intensifying screens are primarily used in

conventional radiography

CR acquires an image through

the use of a storage phosphor plate

The invention of CT is heralded as

one of the greatest milestones in medical imaging

Teleradiography incorporated _____ to produce radiographic images.

telephone lines

When switching from a conventional diagnostic radiography room to one that incorporates CR major equipment changes are to be expected.

True or False

False

Early reconstruction of raw CT data took a few _____ to form a recognizable image.

days

Early picture archival and communication systems were first developed

by the U.S. military

Technologist efficiency ratings are generally the same when comparing conventional radiography with _____ radiography.

computed

Which modality was the first to use the principle of digital imaging?

Computed tomography (CT)

Indirect capture DR converts absorbed x-ray energy into visible light.

True or False

True

Storage phosphor plates are similar to

intensifying screens

The _____ converts x-ray energy directly to a digital electrical signal

photoconductor

Who was the first to incorporate digital imaging with the CT scanner

Godfrey Hounsfield

Exposure latitude is to conventional radiography as ____ is to DR.

dynamic range

The two elements needed to convert light signals into an electrical signal while using indirect capture DR are TFT and

photodiodes

Similar to CR, DR can use the existing diagnostic equipment found in today's imaging departments.

True or False

False

Present image annotation controls include all of the following except

date and time stamps

In which decades was MRI first introduced

1980s

A bucky apparatus is required for DR.

True or False

False

Storage phosphor plates are made with an active element of barium fluorohalide. What is the activator in the storage phosphor plate?

barium

Many PACS reading stations also have image-processing capabilities.

True or False

True

In a DR system, which of the following are needed to produce a radiographic image?

X-ray absorber and a CCD

In conventional radiography film processing, the sensitivity speck has which electrical charge?

Negative

One of the early goals related to the development of PACS was to

provide a means to move battlefield images to an established hospital

All of the following are components of a PACS except

independent kilovoltage peak and milliampere-second stations

Teleradiography, moving images via telephone lines to and from remote locations, was first conceptualized by

Albert Jutras

In reference to PSP iamge capture, to release the latent image, which of the following devices is scanned over the phosphor plate?

Focused laser light

With conventional radiography, optical density is primarily controlled by

milliampere-seconds

X-ray energy related to indirect capture DR will stimulate a ____, which eventually is changed into an electrical signal

scintillator

Intensifying screens

emit light

Which two modalities could easily be converted to digital image properties

Ultrasonography and nuclear medicine

The x-ray absorber typically used in direct capture DR is a

photoconductor

Compared with a 90-second processing time found in conventional radiography, image acquisition with DR has now been reduced to

3-5 seconds

Light exposing the film is in direct proportion to the amount and energy of the incident photon upon the screen.

True or False

True

The first commercial CT scanners could image the

head only

The ability of a digital system to display subtle changes in shades of gray is called

contrast resolution

If a pixel has a bit depth of 2 to the 9th, the number of gray tones that pixel can produce is

512

A system's ability to respond to varying levels of exposure, resulting in more detail, is referred to as

dynamic range

A perfect image processing system would have an MTF of

100%

How dark or light a digital image appears on a display monitor is known as

brightness

The size of the pixel is determined by the

matrix

"The sum of the components in a recording system cannot be greater than the system as a whole" is a definition of

modulation transfer function (MTF)

The efficiency of a system to convert x-ray input signal into a useful output image is known as

detective quantum efficiency

The more light spread, the ____ the MTF.

lower

The range of exposure values the image detector is able to produce is known as

latitude