How much calcium (mg)would typically be absorbed by a normal adult with a calcium intake of 1,000 mg?

300

Some amino acids can link to each other by bridges made of

Sulfur

Which of the following people are known risk for potassium depletion?

Those who ingest low amounts of fresh fruits/vegetables

What is the major intracelluar cation?

Potassium

Which of the following describes a way to make an electrolyte solution?

Dissolve a teaspoon of salt in a glass of water

Which of the following is a feature of type I osteoporosis?

It can be prevented by taking estrogen

Which of the following minerals is required in the enzymatic phoshorylation of ADP?

Magnesium

The outer, hard shell of bone is called

Cortical bone.

Which of the following is the primary function of potassium?

Acts as principal intracelluar electrolyte

Which of the following regulates the level of calcium in the blood?

Parathyroid hormone and calcitonin

Approximately what percentage of the body's calcium is found in the blood?

1

What percentage of hip fractures in men and women are due to osteoporosis?

80-90

Which of the following does NOT serve as a major regulator of fluid balance in the body?

Calcium

Which of the following is a feature of magnesium in nutrition?

Average intakes from food are below recommedations

Which of the follwing is a feature of sodium nutrition?

The AI for young adults is only 1500 mg because the body processes an unusually efficient retention mechanism

Among the following ethnic groups, which has the highest bone density?

African-Americans

All of the following are characteristics of dolomite supplements EXCEPT

They are usually sold as a very pure product

All of the following are known to enhance calcium absorption from the GI tract EXCEPT

Oxalates

How many mg of calcium are present in a 500-mg tablet of calcium carbonate?

200

Among the following groups, which has the highest percentage of body water?

Obese people

The development of osteoporosis in men typically occurs at what age in relation to the appearance of osteoporosis?

10 years later

What is the greatest single source of sodium in the diet?

Processed foods

All of the following are characteristics of phosphorus in nutrition EXCEPT

The ratio of phosphorus to calcium in the diet is important for bone maintenance

which of the following is a general characteristic of sodium in processesed foods?

Salted peanuts contain less sodium than cereals on a per-gram basis

All of the following characteristics are shared by calcium and magnesium EXCEPT

both are found in abundance in dairy products

All of the following dietary substances are known to adversely affect calcium balance EXCEPT

A high-fiber diet

Which of the following is a feature of potassium?

Liberal intakes may correct hypertension

What is calmodulin?

A calcium-binding protein

Abnormally low blood sodium concentration is known specifically as

hyponatremia

What is the minimum water intake for a 65-kg adult with an energy expenditure of 2,500 kcalories?

2,500 mL

Sam has recently been diagnosed with high blood pressure . His doctor recommended adopting the DASH diet plan. Along with including more fruits, vegatables, and whole grains, he was also advised to reduce daily sodium intake to no more than 2000 mg. How much salt (g) would be allowed under Sam's restriction?

5

What percentage of people with osteoporosis are female?

80

For optimal utilization of calcium supplements, it is best to take them several times a day, in does to

500 mg

What component of soy is thought to account for most of its beneficial effects on bone health?

Phytochemicals

What adverse response is known to occur in people who drink copious amounts of water while participating in intense physical activity?

Hyponatremia

Common side effects of taking a high-dose calcium supplement include allof the following EXCEPT

Increased iron absorption

What is hydroxyapatite?

The calcium-rich crystalline structure of teeth and bones

Calcium-binding protein acts within the

Intestines

Which of the following is a major function of chloride?

Helps maintain gastric acidity