according to the text, the central elements of bureaucratic accountability are ____ and ______

constitution, law

in a system of adminstrative accountability, ______ hold elected officials accountable and _____ holds administrators accountable

people, elected officials

according to the text, the two elements that most aptly describe what public administration is about are ____ and ______

administering laws, balancing political values

the main components of bureaucratic responsibility are ____ and _____

accountability, ethical behavior

_____ accountability is concerned with how agencies perform

process

the concept of ____ accountability ensures that agency officials will spend money on the programs they are charged with managing and only on those programs

fiscal

one theme in the study of public administration relates to the need to balance lofty expectations with __________

distrust of governments

in the last two presidential admins american's trust in their government has

declined

in the last 4 decades, federal spending on ________ has increased but spending on ____ has decreased

entitlements, defense

which level of government concentrates the most on the direct delivery of services?

local

according to the author, as of 2008 there were _____ contractors for every U.S. Soldier supporting the united states in the afghan war

2.2

government by _____ uses third party agents to deliver programs that the government funds

proxy

according to the text, hospital care is primarily a ______ responsibility

mixed

since 1901, the absolute number of federal employees has grown from _____ to ____ in 2014

231000, 2.1 million

to american citizens the term bureaucracy most often means something

negative

public administration involves policy ____ and policy _____

formation, execution

unlike the private sector, the public sector is accountable to ___, _____, and ____

legislators, courts, public

the ________ ______ forbids government officials from spending money on any purpose not explicitly authorized by law

antideficiency act

_____ _______ is the process of holding specific individuals ultimately responsible within the bureaucracy for specific actions

administrative responsibility

_______ _______ is the process of translating public policies into results

public administration

efficiency and equity are _____ competing concepts that should be _____

sometimes, balanced

______ is considered to be the basic building block of large administrative enterprises

structure

______ is the central problem of political societies who must determine who has it and how it is distributed

power

the humanist approach emphasizes leadership, whereas the pluralist approach emphasizes _____ _____

interest groups

the ____ approach is based on conflict

pluralist

a government has _______ if it possesses legitimacy: the ability to make decisions within constitutionally defined limits, with the expectation of compliance

authority

_______ _______ places value on interactions with the environment

systems theory

the scientific management movement placed too much emphasis on efficiency and too little emphasis on _____ _______

worker's satisfaction

during the first stage of administrative development, the executive branch was concerned with

safety, money, foreign affairs, law

which cabinet department spends the most?

health and human services

which cabinet department employs the most people?

defense

the internal revenue service and federal highway service are examples of ______

bureaus

independent agencies, bureaus, and field offices are all components of the

federal executive branch

according to the text, _____ ____ is one problem of implementing effective executive management

interdepartmental friction

the last federal government agency to be created was the department of ________ _______ in 2002

homeland security

independent agencies account for about ___ of the federal governments employees

one-tenth

independent agencies account for about _____ of the federal governments spending

one-fifth

which organizational concern emphasizes purpose, clientele, process, and place?

interagency conflict

_______ _______ seeks to bring two warring agencies before a person with the formal authority to make a decision

vertical coordination

_____ ______ depends on the willingness of agencies to come to agreement with one another

horizontal coordination

_______ ______ are created to establish specific boundaries and to clarify agencies' tasks

interagency agreements

______ _______ require that an agency's proposed decisions in a particular subject matter area be reviewed by other interested agencies

clearance procedure

four methods cited by the author for achieving horizontal cooperation include

agreements, committees, lead agency formula, clearance procedure

the recent approaches to public management reform question the bureaucratic orthodoxy based on

authority hierarchy

total quality management is most associated with which type of reform?

continuous improvement

the fundamental goal of downsizing is to

shrink the government

process, product, organization, leadership and commitment are the tenets of

total quality management

re-engineering advocates _____ reform in direct contrast to continuous improvement, which insists _______ reforms are best to improve organizations

top down, bottom up

according to the author, re-engineering approaches employ both ___ and ___ tactics

procedural,analytical