deltoid tuberosity

raised area on lateral surface of humerus to which deltoid muscle attaches

humerus

arm bone

scapula, clavicle

bones of the shoulder girdle

radius, ulna

forearm bones

acromion

scapular region to which the clavicle connects

scapula

shoulder girdle bone that is unattached to the axial skeleton

clavicle

shoulder girdle bone that articulates with and transmits forces to the bony thorax

glenoid cavity

depression in the scapula that articulates with the humerous

coracoid process

process above the glenoid cavity that permits muscle attachment

clavicle

the "collarbone"

trochlea

distal condyle of the humerus that articulates with the ulna

ulna

medial bone of forearm in anatomical position

capitulium

rounded knob on the humerus; adjoins the radius

coronoid fossa

anteriar depression, superior to the trochlea, which receives part of the ulna when the forearm is flexed

ulna

forearm bone involved in formation of the elbow joint

carpals

wrist bones

phalanges

finger bones

metacarpals

heads of these bones form the knuckles

scapula, sternum

bones that articulate with the clavicle

How is the arm held clear of the widest dimension of the thoracic cage?

Clavicle serves as an anterior base or strut to hold the arm away from the top of the thorax

What is the total number of phalanges in the hand?

14

What is the total number of carpals in the wrist?

8

Name the carpals (medial to lateral) in the proximal row.

pisiform-triquetral-lunate-scaphoid

In the distal row, they are (medial to lateral)

trapezium-trapezoid-capitate-hamate

The humerus is a (right/left) bone in (an anterior/a posterior) view.

right; Posterior

The radius and ulna are (right/left) bones in (an anterior/a posterior) view.

left; Anterior

Pectoral

flexibility most important; lightweight; insecure axaial and limb attachments

Pelvic

massive; secure axail and limb attachments; weight-bearing most important

What organs are protected, at least in part, by the pelvic girdle?

Uterus, bladdar, rectum, small intestine, and reproductive organs

What is the difference between the true pelvis and the false pelvis?

The true pelvis is small bowl-like shape containing the unrinary bladder and sexual organs. The false pelvis is the area been the alla or wings of the pelvis. This is a much larger area and contains some of the abdominal organs like part of the small intestine and part of the colon.

This is a (female/male) pelvis because?

Female; It is adapted for childbearing, defines birth canal, Farther apart then a males, the sacrum is wider, shorter and less curved then a males. The pelvic inlet (brim) is wider; oval from side to side.

Deduce why the pelvis bones of a four-legged animal such as a cat or pig are less massive than those of the human.

The pelvic bones of a two-legged animal such as a human have to carry his whole weight, divided by two. A four-legged animal such as a pig divides its weight over four legs, so each leg and each pelvic bone has to bear only a fourth of the animal's weight. As the strain on the bones is a half than in the two-legged case, the bones can be less massive.

A person instinctively curls over his abdominal area in times of danger. Why?

To prevent a smaller target and also to protect the internal organs and genitalia.

For what anatomical reason do many women appear to be slightly knock-kneed?

Biologically, women have wider pelvises than men. The angle of their hips turn the legs slightly inward, making some to actually touch at the knees.

How might this anatomical arrangement contribute to knee injuries in female athletes?

they can be more prone to knee related injuries, such as ACL tears due to high intensity straight knee landing or impact since the knee is already in a weak position.

What does fallen arches mean?

It mean flat feet or flat footed

illium, ischium, pubis

fuse to form the coxal bone

ischium

"sit-down" bone of the coxal bone

pubic symphysis

point where the coxal bones join anteriorly

iliac crest

superiormost margin of the coxal bone

acetabulum

deep socket in the coxal bone that receives the head of the thigh bone

sacroiliac joint

joint between axaial skeleton and pelvic girdle

femur

longest, strongest bone in the body

fibula

thin lateral leg bone

tibia

heavy medial leg bone

femur, tibia, patella

bones forming knee joint

tibial tuberosity

point where the patellar ligament attaches

patella

kneecap

tibia

shinbone

medial malleolus

medial ankle projection

lateral malleolus

lateral ankle projection

calcaneus

largest tarsal bone

tarsals

ankle bones

metatarsals

bones forming the instep of the foot

obturator foramen

opening in hip bone formed by the pubic and ischial rami

gluteal tuberosity, greater and lesser trochanters

sites of muscle attachment on the proximal femur

talus

tarsal bone that "sits" on the calcaneus

tibia

weight-bearing bone of the leg

talus

tarsal bone that articulates with the tibia

The femur is a (right/left) bone in (an anterior/a posterior) view.

right; posterior

The tibia and fibula are (right/left) bones in (an anterior/a posterior) view.

right; anterior