A_____________is used to amplify the light released by the laser scanning the CR image plate before it is sent to a digitizer.

PSP
ceo
ADC
Photomultiplier

Photomultiplier

Unstable atoms and free electrons are the result of:

Meiosis
Ionization
Mitosis
RBE

Ionization

Which of the following grids would be most restrictive on the range of source image distances which can be utilized without demonstrating grid cut-off?

6:1 focused grid
16:1 focused grid
12:1 focused grid
5:1 focused grid

16:1 focused grid

One of the greatest risks to the patient during angiography is blood clot formation on the guide wire or catheter. The best way to keep blood clots from forming is:

Using a higher volume of contrast media

Injection of heparin

Contrast media with a higher concentration of iodine

Flushing with sterile saline

Injection of heparin

Detective Quantum Efficiency (DQE) can be defined as:

System efficiency of converting an input signal into a useful output signal

A histogram of luminance values

Shuttering

Characteristic of digital imaging comparable to recorded detail

System efficiency of converting an input signal into a useful output signal

For fluoroscopy, the protective curtain or panel must have at least _________lead equivalent between the patient and x-ray personnel.

.50mm
.10 mm
.25mm
0 mm

.25mm

When the target angle is less than _degrees, the effective focal spot is smaller than the actual focal spot.

30 degrees
45 degrees
90 degrees
15 degrees

45 degrees

Gas-filled survey instruments used for radiation detection and measurement include:

Scintillation detection devices

Geiger-Muller counters

All of the above

Ionization chamber instruments

All of the above

A correctly positioned open-mouth projection of the dens should demonstrate the upper incisors:

Superimposed upon the body of the atlas

Projected superior to the petrous pyramids

Projected superior to the mastoid processes

Superimposed upon the cranial base

Superimposed upon the cranial base

Which of the following measurements is easiest to calculate?

Entrance skin exposure

Organ dose

Gonadal dose

Bone marrow dose

Entrance skin exposure

The projection of the shoulder demonstrated in the diagram is the:

lnferosuperior axial (Lawrence)

Acromioclavicular (Pearson)

Transthoracic lateral (Lawrence)

Axiolateral

lnferosuperior axial (Lawrence)

How many vessels return oxygenated blood to the heart?
2
8
6
5
4

4

Pixel value is defined as:

A digital representation of the tissue imaged

None of the above

The size of the matrix

A digital representation of the contrast resolution

A digital representation of the tissue imaged

The structure designated as number 4 on the diagram is the:

Maxilla
Sphenoid bone
Palatine bone
Temporal bone

Temporal bone

Which of the following photon-tissue interactions results in the ejection of a K-shell electron?

Coherent scatter

Compton's interaction

Photoelectric interaction

Pair production

Photoelectric interaction

It is almost always advantageous to perform bedside radiography for patients in:
1. Orthopedic traction
2. Isolation
3. The emergency room

1&2

2

3

1

1, 2, &3

1&2

The __________ administration of a drug is NOT considered parenteral.

Intramuscular

Intravenous

Subdermal

Oral

Oral

When a radiographer declares her pregnancy she should...

No longer work in fluoroscopy

Wear an extra radiation monitor

Be limited to working in clerical areas

Wear extra protective apparel

Wear an extra radiation monitor

Determine the missing factor that will produce the same exposure to the image
receptor as the original set of exposure factors

200mA 300 mA

.3 seconds ---seconds

62 kVp 70 kVp
.07
.1
.2
.5
.3

.1

The smooth prominence located between the eyebrows and superior to the nasal bones is the:

Bregma

Inion

Nasion

Glabella

Acanthion

Glabella

Which of the following does NOT directly affect geometrically recorded detail?

Focal spot size
SID
Density
OlD

Density

Which of the following would best demonstrate the sphenoid sinuses?

Lateral projection

Parietoacanthial Projection (Waters method)

Posterior Profile Position (Stenvers method)

PA Axial (Caldwell method)

Lateral projection

Which of the following would describe the Roentgen?

2.58 x 10-4 coulombs/kg

25 x 10-4 coulombs/kg

3.7 x 10-4 coulombs/kg

100 x 1o-4 atomic disintegrations per second

2.58 x 10-4 coulombs/kg

Which of the following would be utilized to demonstrate the axillary region of the ribs with the patient prone?

Direct the central ray cephalad

Direct the central ray caudad

Elevate the unaffected side

Elevate the affected side

Elevate the affected side

In terms of radiation protection, the _____________is considered the largest source of scatter in fluoroscopy.

Patient
Control booth wall
Bucky slot cover/closer
X-ray table

Patient

In order to obtain a projection similar to Radiograph B, the degree of angulation between the mid-sagittal plane and the plane of the film should be adjusted to approximately:

50-55 degrees
60-65 degrees
20-25 degrees
30-35 degrees
40-45 degrees

40-45 degrees

The exposure timer on a three phase generator can be evaluated using a/an:

Synchronous
spinning top
spinning top
lon chamber

spinning top

The structure designated as number 1 on the diagram is the:

Sphenoid bone
Palatine bone
Palatine process of maxilla
Temporal bone

Palatine process of maxilla

Which of the following types of the acute radiation syndrome would require the greatest amount of exposure for manifestation of effects?

Hemopoietic
Gastrointestinal
Central nervous system

Central nervous system

A 45 degree right posterior oblique position of the lumbar vertebrae fails to adequately demonstrate the lumbosacral zygapophyseal articulation. In order to demonstrate this area, the patient should be positioned with the mid-coronal plane and the plane of the film forming an angle of:

30 degrees
90 degrees
60 degrees
45 degrees

30 degrees

Which of the following bones of the skull articulates with the spinal column?

Sphenoid bone
Occipital bone
Parietal bone
Temporal bone

Occipital bone

Determine the missing factor that will produce the same exposure to the image
receptor as the original set of exposure factors

100 mA ---mA

. 1 second. 12 second

200 film/screen speed 100 film/screen speed
100
400
50
150
300

150

A_ relationship states that no level of radiation is safe and the degree of damage is not directly proportional.

Linear-threshold
Non-linear-nonthreshold
Linear-nonthreshold
Non-linear-threshold

Non-linear-nonthreshold

Which of the following is not considered a "negative" contrast agent?

Nitrous oxide
Air
Carbon dioxide
Iodine

Iodine

When is it appropriate for a radiographer to stand in the primary beam?

When taking a radiograph of a pediatric patient

When taking radiographs of an uncooperative patient

Only during emergency room cases

Never

Never

To demonstrate the coccyx with the patient prone, the central ray should be directed:

20 degrees caudad
10 degrees caudad
10 degrees cephalad
Perpendicular to the film
20 degrees cephalad

10 degrees cephalad

Cathartics that are commonly used after a barium study include:

Biscodyl
All of these are correct
Milk of magnesia
Citrate of magnesium and Biscodyl
Citrate of magnesium

All of these are correct

In order to improve Radiograph A, the technologist should:

Decrease patient obliquity
Increase patient obliquity
Decrease CR angle
Increase CR angle

Increase patient obliquity

Which of the tube-object alignments above would result in the demonstration of the largest image size?

1
1 and 3
3
2 and 3
2

2

Which method is used to demonstrate a ligament tear of the ankle joint?

Kite
Weight bearing composite
Axial calcaneus
AP stress studies

AP stress studies

If an open sterile tray is found unattended it should be:

Used immediately
Considered sterile
Discarded
Covered until procedure starts

Discarded

Determine the missing factor that will produce the same exposure to the image
receptor as the original set of exposure factors

500 mA mA
.1 second .1 second
12:1 grid 6:1 grid
300
400
200
500
100

300

What effect does a diuretic have on the body?

Decrease pain
Fights bacterial growth
Increases urine production
Helps prevent clotting

Increases urine production

The uses aluminum oxide to record radiation dose.

TLD
OSL dosimeter
Pocket ionization chamber
Film badge

OSL dosimeter

The structure designated as No. 1 on Radiograph A is the:

Articular pillar
Transverse process
Pedicle
Body

Body

In the diagram above, which target angle would produce a smaller effective focal spot?

No.2
Would be the same
No.1

No.2

The central ray for an AP projection of the pelvis should be directed to a point 2":

Below the iliac crest
Below the anterior superior iliac spine
Above the iliac crest
Above the anterior superior iliac spine

Below the anterior superior iliac spine

Which of the following articulates with the base of the first metatarsal?

Cuboid
Navicular
First proximal phalanx
First cuneiform

First cuneiform

What happens when a grid is utilized?

Patient dose increases and radiographic contrast decreases

Patient dose decreases and radiographic contrast decreases

Patient dose decreases and radiographic contrast increases

Patient dose increases and radiographic contrast increases

Patient dose increases and radiographic contrast increases

The exposure rate at 1 ft. from a fluoroscopic table is 300 mR/hr. The amount of exposure received in 30 min. at 4 ft. from the table would be:

150.20 mR
600.00 mR
75.45 mR
9.37 mR

9.37 mR

Determine the missing factor that will produce the same exposure to the image
receptor as the original set of exposure factors

500 Ma 300 mA
1/10 second ---second
8:1 grid 6:1 grid

1/8
1/5
1/20
1/25
1/2

1/8

Photoemission occurs at which component of the image intensifier?

Photocathode

Input phosphor

Anode

Electrostatic focusing lens

Output phosphor

Photocathode

When evaluating radiographs taken during a small bowel series, the portion of the intestine which appears "feathery" is the

Jejunum and Ileum
Jejunum
Duodenum
Ileum
Duodenum, Ileum, and Jejunum

Jejunum

Tachycardia can be caused by:

Inadequate oxygen supply
Damaged heart
Large blood loss
All of the above

All of the above

The structure designated as No. 2 on Radiograph B is the:

Intervertebral foramen
Transverse foramen
Lamina
Vertebral foramen

Intervertebral foramen

Which of the transmission based precautions should be used for an adult patient with active pulmonary tuberculosis?

Droplet precautions
Airborne and contact precautions
Airborne precautions
Contact precautions

Airborne precautions

Lead aprons are needed to protect personnel during fluoro due to:

The photoelectric effect
Photodisintegration
The Compton effect
Pair production

The Compton effect

Increasing the number of turns of wire on the secondary side of the transformer will:

Cause an increase in voltage
None of the above
Have no effect on voltage
Cause a decrease in voltage

Cause an increase in voltage

Patients with a diagnosis of possible internal hemorrhage should be monitored closely for:

Ketoacidosis
Shock
Convulsions
Seizures

Shock

Following emission of gamma radiation, the atomic number of the atom involved will:

Decrease by 1
Increase by 2
Decrease by 2
Remain the same
Increase by 1

Remain the same

Determine the missing factor that will produce the same exposure to the image
receptor as the original set of exposure factors

300mA ---mA

1/4 second 1/3 second

200 film/screen speed 400 film/screen speed

45"SID 60" SID
200
100
300
400
600

200

Which of the following would be the acceptable leakage radiation rate at 1 meter from the tube housing?

75 mR/one half hour
150 mR/hour
All of the above rates are acceptable
1.66 mR/minute

1.66 mR/minute

Which area of the body in which temperature can be measured has an average temperature reading of 97.6 degrees Fahrenheit?

Rectum
Axilla
Apical
Oral

Axilla

Which of the following systems would use thin film transistors?

1. Computed radiography systems
2. Indirect detection systems
3. Direct detection systems
2 &3

1 only
3 only
1, 2, & 3
1 & 2

2 &3

A patient is placed in a supine position with the knee flexed as far as possible. An image receptor is placed in contact with and parallel to the long axis of the femur. In order to obtain a tangential projection of the patella, the central ray should be directed:

Parallel to the long axis of the tibia
Cephalad
Parallel to the long axis of the femur
Caudad

Cephalad

The structure designated as number 2 on the diagram is the:

Zygomatic arch
Temporal bone
Styloid process
Sphenoid bone

Zygomatic arch

The layers of a CR imaging plate include:

Phosphor,Reflective , and Color

Color

Reflective

Phosphor and Reflective

Phosphor

Phosphor and Reflective

A patient is positioned in a 45 degree right posterior oblique position. A perpendicular central ray is directed to a point 2" medial and 2" inferior to the upper outer border of the shoulder. This position would best demonstrate the:

Right glenoid cavity
Left coracoid process
Right coracoid process
Left glenoid cavity

Right glenoid cavity

The medial articulation of the head of the radius is with the:

Trochlea
Radial notch
Capitellum
Semilunar notch

Radial notch

A Water's projection of the sinuses is be obtained using the following:
50 mAs, 70 kVp, 40" SID, an Agfa CR cassette, 8:1 grid, a .6mm focal spot.

What would be the effect of not using a grid while maintaining 50 mAs?

1. Decreased magnification
2. Decreased recorded detail
3. lgM number too low
4. lgM number too high

1 & 3
2&3
2&4
2 only
4 only

4 only

All of the following are beam limiting devices except:

Cones
Aperture diaphragm
Collimators
Grids

Grids

The exposure timer on a three phase generator can be evaluated using a/an:

1. spinning top

2. Synchronous spinning top

3. lon chamber

2 and 3

3.

2.

1.

1, 2 and 3

2 and 3

Film badge results are reported in to reflect deep and shallow doses.

Rem
Roentgen
Curie
Rad

Rem

The function of filtration is to absorb:

High frequency, short wavelength radiation
High frequency, long wavelength radiation
Low frequency, short wavelength radiation
Low frequency, long wavelength radiation

Low frequency, long wavelength radiation

If the film does not spend enough time in the developer, the film will show.

A dichroic stain
A milky appearance
Increased density
Decreased density

Decreased density

When discussing safe transfer methods, the base of support can be described as:

A line through the center of gravity

The part of the body in contact with the floor

The floor

A line from the center of the pelvis to the floor

The part of the body in contact with the floor

Which of the following factors is most important in controlling size distortion?

OlD
Exposure time
Focal spot size
SID

OlD

In order to obtain a lateral projection of the humerus with the patient supine, it would be necessary to:

Abduct the humerus slightly and place back of hand against the body

Adduct the humerus and flex the elbow

Adduct the humerus and place palm of hand flat on table

Abduct the humerus and extend the elbow

Abduct the humerus slightly and place back of hand against the body

To decrease OlD for a PA projection of the wrist the:

Elbow should be flexed
Fingers should be extended
Fingers should be flexed
None of the above

Fingers should be flexed

Which of the following is NOT a bone that forms a portion of the orbit?

Maxilla
Sphenoid
Nasal
Frontal
Zygoma

Nasal

In order to benefit from the results of the anode heel effect when performing an AP femur exam, the cathode end of the tube should be positioned over:

The left side of the femur
The proximal end of the femur
The distal end of the femur
The right side of the femur

The proximal end of the femur

A Water's projection of the sinuses is be obtained using the following:
50 mAs, 70 kVp, 40" SID, an Agfa CR cassette, 8:1 grid, a .6mm focal spot.
The kVp is increased to 80. Which of the following choices could be used to maintain the exposure to the IR?

10 mAs
75 mAs
100 mAs
25 mAs

25 mAs

Considering the exposure factors below, which of the following statements would be most accurate?

(1) 100 mA 1/5 sec 92 kVp 50" SID 12:1 grid
(2) 200 mA 1/30 sec 70 kVp 35" SID 8:1 grid
(3) 300 mA 1/30 sec 70 kVp 60" SID non-grid
(4) 600 mA 1/20 sec 92 kVp 45" SID 5:1 grid

#4 would produce greater density than #3
#3 would produce greater density than #4
#1 would produce greater density than #4
#2 would produce greater density than #1

#4 would produce greater density than #3

Which of the following is a man-made source of radiation?

Radon
Nuclear fuel
Tobacco leaves
Cosmic source

Nuclear fuel

What is emitted by the output phosphor of the image intensifier?

Visible light
Electrons
Ultraviolet light
X-rays

Visible light

Which of the following is not a viral disease?

Measles
Influenza
Syphilis
Hepatitis

Syphilis

PACS allow for _______within an imaging department.

Digital image display
Digital image storage
None are correct
All are correct
Digital image acquisition

All are correct

The of a sterile gown is/are considered sterile.
1. Sleeves
2. Front above waist
3. Back

1&2
3
1
1, 2, &3
2

1&2

If you will be sending confidential information via fax, the information should be:

Transmitted by e-mail instead
Transmitted by mail instead
Seen only by the receiving physician.
Preceded by a phone call to the recipient

Preceded by a phone call to the recipient

An increase in kVp with compensation of mAs to maintain density will result in:

(1) 100 mA 1/5 sec 92 kVp 50" SID 12:1 grid
(2) 200 mA 1/30 sec 70 kVp 35" SID 8:1 grid
(3) 300 mA 1/30 sec 70 kVp 60" SID non-grid
(4) 600 mA 1/20 sec 92 kVp 45" SID 5:1 grid

Production of a shorter scale of contrast
Increased exposure latitude
Decreased recorded detail
Increased recorded detail.

Increased exposure latitude

Why is it better to take a PA projection of the skull instead of an AP projection?

1. Less dose to the lens of the eye
2. Less magnification of the facial bones
3. Greater patient comfort

1 only
1, 2, and 3
3 only
1 & 2 only

1 & 2 only

Which of the tube-object alignments would result in demonstration of foreshortening of the radiographic image?

1
2
2 and 3
1 and 3
3

1 and 3

A_ grid is recommended for digital imaging to obtain the best quality images.

High frequency
Low ratio
Low frequency
High ratio

High frequency

The plane that divides the body into equal right and left halves is the plane.

Midsagittal
Coronal
Sagittal
Transverse

Midsagittal

The purpose of the tube housing and the oil bath contained in the housing is to:

1. Provide shielding to prevent leakage radiation
2. Cool the tube
3. Insulate the tube

3
1&2
1
2
1, 2, &3

1, 2, &3

Which of the following bones forms a portion of the posterior wall of the nasal cavity?

Frontal
Palatine
Zygoma
Vomer
Lacrimal

Palatine

Select the position/projection which best demonstrates the splenic flexure of the colon.

LAO
Chassard Lapine
AP
LPO

LAO

A Water's projection of the sinuses is be obtained using the following:
50 mAs, 70 kVp, 40" SID, an Agfa CR cassette, 8:1 grid, a .6mm focal spot.
What would be the resultant effect of changing to a 1.2 mm focal spot?

Increased magnification

Increased distortion

Decreased recorded detail

Decreased magnification

Decreased recorded detail

A Water's projection of the sinuses is be obtained using the following:
50 mAs, 70 kVp, 40" SID, an Agfa CR cassette, 8:1 grid, a .6mm focal spot.
What would be the effect of using a 50" SID?

Decreased recorded detail

Decreased image noise

Increased shape distortion

Decreased magnification

Decreased magnification

A Water's projection of the sinuses is be obtained using the following:
50 mAs, 70 kVp, 40" SID, an Agfa CR cassette, 8:1 grid, a .6mm focal spot.
What could result if the radiographer selects the Water's projection of the nasal bones in the Agfa computer system instead of the Water's projection of the sinuses?

Histogram analysis error

Increased SNR

Decreased DQE

Increased window width

Histogram analysis error

An increase in mA will result in:

A predictable increase in the number of x-rays produced

An unpredictable increase in the number of x-rays produced

An increase in the energy of the x-ray beam

A decrease in the energy of the x-ray beam

A predictable increase in the number of x-rays produced