In asthmatic individuals the "common cold" caused by rhinoviruses can be treated

for symptoms or with the prescription antiviral pleconaril

Which of the following RNA virus families include the smallest viral pathogen in animals?

Picornaviridae

Which of the following is a family of six-pointed, star-shaped viruses that cause gastrointestinal diseases?

Caliciviridae

Which of the following statements about rhinoviruses is FALSE?

they are the only viruses that can cause a common cold

Enteroviruses gain their name from the fact that they

are transmitted by the fecal-oral route

Diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting are signs and symptoms associated with which of the following viruses?

norovirus

Some patients who have suffered from polio develop symptoms 30-40 years later in the form of

crippling deterioration and dysfunction in the polio-affected muscles

The type of polio that involves the infection of the brain stem and medulla is

bulbar poliomyelitis

Fever, fatigue, loss of appetite, and a yellow color of the sclera and skin, without hemorrhaging or kidney damage, are typically observed with

hepatitis

Diseases caused by coxsackie A virus include

both hand-foot and mouth disease and viral meningitis

Which of the following viruses is suspected of being a cause of diabetes mellitus?

coxackie B virus

Which of the following viruses may cause viral meningitis?

both echoviruses and coxsackie viruses

Enteric hepatitis is fatal for 20% of people in which of the following groups?

pregnant women

How do coronaviruses differ from togaviruses?

coronaviruses have helical capsids

Which of the following is a member of the Flaviviridae that is NOT an arbovirus?

hepatitis C virus

the west nile virus is considered a

flavivirus

The disease known as dengue hemorrhagic fever is actually

a hyperimmune response to reinfection with the dengue virus

Which of the following is MISMATCHED?

Salk vaccine; administered orally

Which of the following viruses is considered a childhood disease, was first identified by a German physician and is know to cause "three-day measles?

rubella

A child has a mild fever and a macular rash primarily on the torso. No lesions are evident in the mouth, and the child has not complained of pain. Which of the following diseases might the child have?

three-day measles

The transmission of enteric hepatitis is most effectively prevented by

good public sanitation and personal hygiene

Which of the following characteristics distinguishes coronaviruses from rhinoviruses?

envelope is present

Which of the following enzymes allows retroviruses to transcribe DNA from ssRNA?

reverse transcriptase

the human T-lymphotropic virus 1 causes

adult acute T-cell lymphocytic leukemia

The recent epidemic of SARS virus was caused by a

coronavirus

A child has a fever, chills, muscle aches, and conjunctivitis. She is also developing a rash caused by subcutaneous hemorrhaging and complains about exposure to sunlight. With which of the following viruses might she be infected?

coltivirus

Which of the following cells is NOT infected by HIV?

B lymphocytes

How are HIV virions rendered virulent?

the action of protease releases reverse transcriptase and capsomeres after the virion buds from the cell

A scientist discovers a new virus affecting birds. After isolation, the virus is characterized as having single-strand RNA in an icosahedral capsid and an envelope. to which of the following virus families might this new virus belong?

Flaviviridae

Which of the following cells are a major reservoir for HIV?

monocytes and macrophages

Which of the following bodily fluids is commonly a source of infection by HIV?

breast milk, semen, and vaginal secretions

An emerging fatal disease in humans caused by one of the members of the Paramyxoviridae is known as

Nipahvirus

Ebola hemorrhagic virus is caused by which type of virus?

filovirus

Public health scientists discover and become concerned about a new strain of RNA virus among farm animals, especially geese and pigs, in the Midwest. each virion is composed of lipid, helical proteins, and multiple pieces of RNA.

an influenza virus

Which of the following pairs is MISMATCHED?

influenza; hemorrhagic fever

Which of the following is a family of double-stranded RNA viruses?

Reoviridae

Rodents are the normal hosts for which of the following encephalitis viruses?

Venezuelan equine encephalitits (VEE)

The _____ causes a T cell leukemia .

HTLV-1

Fever, jaundice, and hemorrhaging which often results in "black vomit" are characteristic of

yellow fever

Which of the following viruses can establish a chronic infection of the liver which may progress to liver cancer?

hepatitis C

Dark staining masses of visions called Negri bodies in the brains of victims are diagnostic of

rabies

The HIV virion is best described as a

segmented RNA genome in an irregular polyhedron capsid with envelope

Humans may become infected with _____ by inhaling aerosols of dried rodent excrement.

hantavirus

the arenaviruses are unique because

their visions contain ribosomes

Deltavirus (hepatitis D virus) requries co-infection with _____ to produce infectious virions.

hepatitis B virus

An RNA that can be used by a ribosome to translate into protein is (double/ positive/ negative) strand RNA.

positive

The clinical term for "runny nose" is (rhinorrhea/ rhinovirus).

rhinorrhea

Infection of day care age children with (HIV/ RSV/ SSPE) results in mild respiratory disease lasting about two weeks, but infection in infants is potentially fatal.

RSV

Jonas Salk developed an (attenuated/ inactivated/ subunit) polio vaccine in 1955.

inactivated

Infection with (astrovirus/ norovirus/ rotavirus) is the most common cause of diarrhea in children worldwide.

rotavirus

Lesions of the mouth caused by coxsackie A virus are called (herpangina/ herpetic/ pleurodynia)

herpangina

Acute live disease known as (enteric/ infectious/ serum) hepatitis is spread by the fecal oral route and is caused by a picornavirus.

infectious

Arboviruses are transmitted by the (contract/ enteric/ vector) route.

vector

The "orphan" family of dsRNA viruses that cause respiratory and enteric infections is (Rhinoviridae/ rhabdoviridae/ Reoviridae).

Reoviridae

Rubella vaccine is an (attenuated/ inactivated/ subunit) vaccine and should not be given to pregnant women.

attenuated

Coronaviruses and rhinoviruses replicate best in the (cooler/ moister/ salty)conditions of the nasal cavity.

cooler

The (reoviruses/ retroviruses/ rhinoviruses) have been studied ore than any other group of viruses because of their unique features and the diseases they cause.

retroviruses

HIV attaches to T cell and macrophages by means of an interaction between gp120 and an (antibody/ CD4/ gp41) receptor.

CD4

Ebola and Marburg viruses are emerging pathogens that cause life threatening (encephalitis/ diarrhea/ hemorrhaging) and can be transmitted in body fluids.

hemorrhaging

RSV, like other viruses in the Paramyxoviridae family is able to cause infected cells to fuse with their neighbors, forming giant, multinucleate (aggregates/ fusions/ syncytia).

syncytia