Lesson 6 Chapter 19: Blood Vessels
Circulatory Shock
any condition in which blood vessels are inadequately filled and blood can't circulate normally. Severs conditions can cause tissue death/organ failure
Hypovolemic shock
due to severe blood loss (hemorrhage, burns, sever vomitin/diarrhea).
-decrease in blood volume = increased, thready Heart rate.
-Intense vasocontriction = shifts blood from reservoirs to major circulatory ch
-B/P stable but then drops sharply
Vascular shock
blood volume is normal but circulation is poor resulting from abnormal expansion of the vascular bed caused by extreme vasodilation. Drop in peripheral resistance = rapid drop in B/P
-caused by anaphylactic shock; failure of ANS regulation (Septic shock); sun (heat) shock
Cardiogenic shock
(pump failure); heart is inefficient and can't sustain adequate circulation due to myocardial damage.
Blood draining from the myocardium
is collected by the cardiac veins and reenters the right atrium vis the coronary sinus
Deep Veins
parallel the course of systemic arteries. Naming of veins is identical to their companion arteries
Superficial Veins
run beneath the skin. Can be seen in limbs, face, & neck
- There are NO superficial arteries; therefore, names of superficial veins don't correspond to any arteries
Dural Sinuses
venous blood draining from the brain enters here rather than veins
Hepatic portal circulation
venous blood draining from digestive organs enters here and perfuses through the liver BEFORE entering systemic circulation again.
Blood pressure changes with age
Newborn: arterial pressure = 90/55
childhood (rises) to adulthood = 120/80
Old age (norm) = 150/90
What effects do atherosclerosis have on a vessel?
increase resistance due to rigidity and protein buildup
Are the vessels of males or females more affected by atherosclerosis and why?
Females: puberty to ~45, women have less atherosclerosis due to protection of estrogen
Both sexes: after age of 65, atherosclerosis risk rises
Pulmonary Circulation
function: only brings blood into close contact w/ alveoli sofas can be exchanged.
blood: oxygen-poor, dark red blood
pulmonary circulation route
enters the R Ventricle > large pulmonary trunk > R & L pulmonary arteries > (in lungs) blood subdivides into lobar arteries > arterioles > pulmonary capillaries embedded in the air sacs
- O2 moves from alveolar sacs into blood & CO2 swaps
Pulmonary circulation route post gas exchange
Bright red blood in capillaries drain--> venules --> (form) 2 pulmonary veins exiting from each lung (2 each) > O2 rich blood is dumped into R Atrium
Pulmonary Arteries
carry O2-poor blood, CO-rich blood
Pulmonary veins
Carry O2-Rich blood, CO2-poor blood
Systemic circulation arteries
carry O2-rich blood
Systemic circulation veins
carry CO2-rich, and O2-poor blood
Systemic circulation
Function: provides functional blood supply to all body tissues. Delivers O2, nutrients, and carries away wastes & CO2
Systemic circulation route
oxygenated blood returning from pulmonary circuit is pumped OUT of L ventricle > aorta > aortic branches > arterioles > capillaries (organs)
Systemic circulation route
Venous blood draining from organs inferior to the diaphragm enter the Inferior vena cava. The vena cava dump CO2 laden blood into the R Atrium
Systemic circulation route
Venous blood draining from organs superior to the diaphragm enter the Superior vena cava. The vena cava dump CO2 laden blood into the R Atrium
Blood passes from the systemic veins to systemic arteries ...
ONLY after first moving through the pulmonary circuit
Although the entire cardiac output of the R ventricle passes through the pulmonary circulation...
a small fraction of the output of the L ventricle flow through any single organ
Aorta
Ascending aorta
Right and left coronary arteries
Aortic arch
Aortic arch: Brachiocephalic trunk (1)
Aortic arch: branches 2 & 3
Descending (thoracic) aorta
Abdominal Aorta
Right and left common iliac
Common carotid arteries
Carotid Sinus
contains baroreceptors that assist in flex blood pressure control
Carotid Bodies
chemoreceptors are located here and are involved in the control of respiratory rate
Right common carotid artery
Left common carotid artery
External Carotid Arteries
Superior thryoid artery
Linguinal artery
Facial Artery
Occipital Artery
Superficial temporal Artery
Maxillary Artery
Middle meningeal Artery
Internal Carotid Artery
Ophthalmic artery
Anterior cerebral artery
Middle Cerebral Arteries
Vertebral arteries
Basilar artery
Posterior cerebral arteries
Posterior communicating arteries
Cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis)
Thryocervical trunk
Costocervical Trunk
Subclavian Arteries
Axillary Artery
Thoracoacromial artery
Lateral Thoracic artery
Subscapular artery
Anterior & Posterior circumflex humeral arteries
Brachial artery
Deep Artery of the Arm
Radial Artery
Ulnar artery
Common interosseous artery
Palmar arches
Metacarpal & digital arteries
Internal thoracic arteries
anterior intercostal arteries
Posterior intercostal arteries
Subcostal artery
Posterior intercostal arteries
Supplies:
Superior phrenic arteries
Pericardial Arteries
Bronchial arteries
Esophageal arteries
mediastinal arteries
Inferior phrenic arteries
Celiac trunk
Common hepatic artery
Gastroduodenal artery
Hepatic artery proper
Splenic Artery
Left gastric artery
Right and Left gastroepiplotic artery
Right Gastric Artery
Superior Mesenteric artery
Intestinal Arteries
Ileocolic artery
Right and middle colic arteries
Suprarenal arteries
Renal Arteries
Gonadal arteries: Testicular
Gonadal arteries: Ovarian
Inferior mesenteric artery
Lumbar Arteries
Median sacral artery
Common Iliac arteries
Internal Iliac arteries
Superior and Inferior gluteal arteries
Obturator artery
Pudendal artery
External Iliac Arteries
Deep Femoral artery
Lateral & medial circumflex femoral arteries
Popliteal Artery
Anterior Tibial artery
Dorsalis pedis artery
Arcuate artery
Posterior Tibial artery
Fibular (peroneal) artery
Lateral and medial plantar arteries
Digital arteries
Veins of the systemic circulation
Superior vena cava
Brachiocephalic Veins
Inferior vena cava
Inferior vena cava
Dural Sinuses
Superior and Inferior sagittal sinuses
Transverse sinus
Sigmoid Sinuses
Cavernous sinuses
Ophthalmic veins
External jugular veins
Vertebral Veins
Internal Jugular Veins
Brachiocephalic Veins
Azygos System
Palmar venous arch
Brachial Vein
Axillary Vein
Dorsal venous arch
Cephalic vein
Basilic vein
Medial cubital vein
Median antebrachial vein
Azygos vein
Hemiazygos vein
Accessory Vein
Hepatic portal vein
Portal system
Hepatic portal system
Lumbar veins
Gonadal Veins (testicular or ovarian)
Renal veins
Suprarenal veins
Hepatic portal system
Hepatic portal vein
Superior Mesenteric vein
Splenic Vein
Inferior mesenteric vein
Hepatic Veins
Cystic veins
Inferior phrenic veins
Deep Veins: Posterior Tibial Vein
Anterior Tibial vein
Popliteal vein
Femoral Vein
External Iliac Vein
Superficial veins: Great & small saphenous veins
Great Saphenous Vein
Small Saphenous vein