Axial Skeleton

those one that lie around the body's center of gravity

Appendicular Skeleton

bones of the limbs or appendages

Articular cartilage

which cover the one ends at movable joints

Hyaline Cartilage

Provides sturdy support with some resilience or "give"

Elastic cartilage

tolerates repeated bending
ex. external ear and epiglottis

Fibrocartilage

great tensile strength and can withstand heavy compression

compact bone

smooth and homogenous

Spongy bone

composed of small trabeculae of one and lots of open space

Long bone

are much longer than they are wide

Short bone

typically cube shaped, contain more spongy bone than compact bone

Flat bone

generally thin, with two waferlike layers of compact one

irregular bone

ones that do not fall into one of the preceding categories

sesamoid bones

special types of short bones formed in tendons

Diaphysis

shaft

periosteum

fibrous membrane covering

epiphysis

the end of the long bone

epiphyseal plate

a thin area of hyaline cartilage that provides for longitudinal growth of the bone during youth

epiphyseal line

thin bone covering the epiphyseal plate after the growth stops

yellow marrow

as storage region for adipose

red marrow

involved in forming blood cells

Endosteum

covers the trabeculae of spongy one

Trabeculae

compact bone appears to be dense and homogenous

Central(haversian) canal

runs parallel to the long axis of the bone and carries blood vessels, nerves and lymph vessels through the bony matrix

Ostteocyte

mature bone cells

lacunae

chambers

Circumferential lamellae

lacunae arranged in concentric circles around the central canal

Osteon(haversian system)

a central canal and all the concentric lamellae surrounding it

Canaliculi

tiny canals radiating outward from a central canal to the lacunae of the first lamella and then from lamella to lamella.

Perforating(Volkmann's) canal

canal that runs into the compact bone and marrow cavity form the periosteum at right angles of the shaft.

Synarthroses

immovable joints

amphiarthroses

slightly movable joints

diarthroses

freely movable joints

Fibrous joint

bones joined by fibrous tissue

suture

the irregular edges of the bones interlock and are united by very short connective tissue fibers

syndesmoses

the articulating ones are connected by short ligaments of dense fibrous tissue: the bones do not interlock

gomphosis

a tooth is secured in a bony socket y the periodontal ligament

cartilaginous joints

the articulating bone ends are connected by a plate or pad of cartilage

symphyses

the bones are connected by a broad,flat disc of fibrocartilage

synchondroses

the bony portions are united by hyaline cartilage

synovial joint

those in which the articulating bone ends are separated by a joint cavity containing synovial fluid

hinge joint

saddle joint

pivot joint

ball and socket joint

plane(gliding)joint

condyloid joint