Which of the following statements about algae and plants is true?

Plants have a waxy, waterproof cuticle, and algae do not.

Which of the following homologies are shared by land plants and their closest living algal relatives?

-the formation of a group of microtubules between daughter nuclei during cell division
-the presence of peroxisomes
-the structure of flagellated sperm (when present)
-rings of cellulose-synthesizing complexes
(All of the listed responses are correct)

In moving to land, plants had to overcome which of the following challenges?

desiccation

Alternation of generations _____.

is distinguished by haploid and diploid stages that are both multicellular

Plants undergo alternation of generations in which _____.

the sporophyte generation alternates with the gametophyte generation

Gametangia are _________.

Single-celled algae, multicellular in most plants

In charophytes, _____ protect(s) zygotes from desiccation.

sporopollenin

Which is a key difference between alternation of generations in plants and sexual reproduction in nonplant organisms?

In plants, the haploid and diploid stages are both multicellular.

The development of the _____ prevents plants from drying out and protects them from microbes.

cuticle

Which example below is a clade of nonvascular plants?

bryophytes

Which term is most nearly synonymous with land plants?

embryophytes

A major division in plant systematics is based on whether a particular species has _____.

vascular tissue

The gametophyte stage of the plant life cycle is most conspicuous in _____.

mosses

When you see a green, "leafy" moss, you are looking at the _____.

gametophyte generation

Rhizoids _____.

anchor the gametophytes of bryophytes

Which of the following produces eggs and sperm?

moss gametophytes

Fertilization in moss occurs when sperm swim from a(n) _____ and down the neck of a(n) _____.

antheridium ... archegonium

The gametophyte generation of a moss _____.

is haploid

How are gametes produced by bryophytes?

by mitosis of gametophyte cells

In mosses, haploid _____ directly produce buds that grow into gametophores.

protonemata

Which structure of a bryophyte sporophyte is specialized for gradual spore discharge?

peristome

In which bryophyte structure specifically does a zygote develop into an embryo?

archegonium

What structures allow plants to readily take up carbon dioxide from the atmosphere?

stomata

Sphagnum is a _____ that forms extensive deposits of partially decayed organic material.

moss

In the life cycle of a fern, the multicellular male gametangium (the sex organ that produces sperm cells) is called a(n) _____.

antheridium

In the life cycle of ferns, the multicellular female gametangium (the sex organ that contains an egg) is a(n) _____.

archegonium

Ferns and mosses are limited mostly to moist environments because _____.

they have swimming sperm

What is the evolutionary significance of megaphylls?

They increase the surface area for photosynthesis.

The "dots" on the underside of a fern frond are spore cases; therefore, what is true of the plant to which the frond belongs?

It is a sporophyte.

Where would you find a fern gametophyte?

on moist soil

Fern gametophytes are _______________.

free-living, multicellular organisms

To examine meiosis in ferns, you would study _____.

the sporangia

Vascular tissues of plants include _____.

xylem for conducting water and minerals, and phloem for conducting dissolved organic molecules

Heterosporous plants produce _____.

megaspores that develop into female gametophytes and microspores that develop into male gametophytes

Sori can be found in which of the following?

pterophytes

In sporophyte ferns, the leaves are _____.

megaphylls

The first large forests formed in the Carboniferous Period. The drawdown of CO2 levels by all of these plants caused _____.

global cooling