What does the word "culture" include?

A social groups language, laws, and religion

_____ refers to the biological characteristics that make us men and women; _____ refers to the socially constructed roles and behaviors that have been deemed appropriate for men and women.

Sex
Gender

The process by which we learn the culture into which we are born is called _____

enculturation

The process by which we learn the rules and norms of a culture different from our native culture is called _____

acculturation

According to this perspective on culture, immigrants should leave their native culture behind and adapt to the culture of their new country.

Assimilationist

In what ways does culture differ?

Collectivism and Individualism
High and low-context
Power distances

In this type of culture, people define themselves according to their group affiliation and are willing to sacrifice to meet group goals. This culture promotes benevolence, tradition, and conformity.

Collectivistic culture

Members of this type of culture often place much emphasis on face-saving behaviors.

High-context culture

This culture is one in which most of the information is explicitly stated in the verbal message.

Low-context culture

A culture in which power is concentrated in the hands of few is considered to be a _____________

High-power distance culture

Cultures in which we are expected to confront a friend, partner, or supervisor assertively.

Low-power distance cultures

Cultures in which we are expected to be modest, polite, and totally respectful to those who have more status than us.

High-power distance cultures

This culture highly values modesty, concern for the relationship and the quality of life, and tenderness.

Feminine Culture

This culture values aggressiveness, material success, and strength.

Masculine Culture

These cultures emphasize the quality of life and so socialize their members to be modest and to emphasize close interpersonal relationships.

Feminine Cultures

Members of _____-tolerant cultures do not feel threatened by unknown situations; uncertainty is a normal part of life.

high-ambiguity

Members of _____-tolerant cultures fear uncertainty and create very clear rules for communication.

low-ambiguity

Cultures with a _____ orientation promote preparation for the future to attain later rewards in life.

Long-term

Members of cultures with a(n) _____ orientation expect quick results from their efforts, spend their resources for the present, and look more to the present than the future.

short-term

The feeling that you have the freedom to do as you please is _____.

life control

Members of cultures high in _____ are generally unhappy, cynical, and pessimistic.

restraint

What are three examples of intercultural communication?

Interethnic communication
Interracial communication
International communication

_____ is the tendency to see others and their behaviors through your own culture filters.

Ethnocentrism

A person says, “She thinks that way because she’s a woman.” Another says, “He believes that because he was raised as a Catholic.” These are examples of what?

Overattribution

True/False

Culture includes a social group’s language, ways of thinking, laws, religion, communication theories, styles, and attitudes.

True

True/False

Cultures teach boys and girls the same attitudes, beliefs, values, and ways of communicating and relating to one another.

False

True/False

Culture is passed on from one generation to the next through genes.

False

True/False

Enculturation is the process by which you learn the rules and norms of a culture different from your native culture.

False

True/False

Acculturation is the process by which you learn the culture into which you were born.

False

True/False

Politeness and the way it is communicated is universal among all cultures.

False

True/False

The emphasis on cultural awareness in your textbook implies that you should accept all cultural practices or that all cultural practices are equal.

False

True/False

Americans generally have a preference for individual values.

True

True/False

A high-context culture is one in which most of the information is explicitly stated in the verbal message.

False

True/False

In high-power-distance cultures, power is evenly distributed throughout the citizenry.

False

True/False

A highly feminine culture values modesty, concern for the relationship and quality of life, and tenderness.

True

True/False

All cultures are uncomfortable with ambiguity.

False

True/False

People’s happiness depends on whether they feel in control of their lives and have leisure time.

True

True/False

Ethnocentrism is the tendency to see others and their behaviors through our own cultural filters.

True

True/False

Overattribution is a good strategy to deal with difficult intercultural communication situations.

False

_____ is the process by which we learn the culture into which we are born.

Enculturation

A perspective that values _____ holds that people should retain their native cultural ways.

cultural diversity

Technology has made _____ communication easy, practical, and inevitable.

intercultural

Success in an _____ culture is measured by the extent to which you surpass other members of your group.

individualistic

In a _____-context culture, you would look to the context or the relationship with the person to gather much of the information in communication.

high

In _____-power distance cultures, power is concentrated in the hands of a few, and there is a great difference in the power held by these people and by the ordinary citizen.

high

Members of a _____-ambiguity-tolerant culture avoid uncertainty and are anxious about an unpredictable future.

low

_____ are fixed impressions of a group of people.

Stereotypes

To increase intercultural communication competence, you should practice _____, which can help you avoid operating on the basis of often incorrect assumptions.

mindfulness

_____ is the tendency to assign too much of a person’s behavior or attitudes to one of that person’s characteristics.

Overattribution