Briefly explain the mechanisms involved in vascular spasm, platelet plug formation and clot formation.

VASCULAR SPASM IS THE IMMEDIATE RESPONSE TO BLOOD VESSEL INJURY; PLATELET PLUG FORMATION IS THE TEMPORARY BLOCKAGE OF THE BREAK; CLOT FORMATION IS WHEN FIBRINS STICK TOGETHER AND SEAL THE WOUND.

Forms a temporary plug at the site of bleeding

PLATELETS

Increase in numbers significantly during bacterial infections

NEUTROPHILS

Contain the anticoalgulant heparin granules

BASOPHILS

Play a critical role in immunity

LYMPHOCYTES

Differentiate into macrophages

MONOCYTES

A blood clot which breaks loose and moves in the blood stream is called an

EMBOLUS

A high white blood cell count is called

LEUKOCYTOSIS

A patient has a differential white blood cell count performed and has the following results:
Neutrophils - 5000; Lymphocytes - 2000; Monocytes - 400; Eosinophils - 5000; Basophils - 100. The organisms or particles most likely to cause these results are

PARASITIC WORMS

All blood cells begin as the same type of cell called

HEMOCYTOBLAST

All of the following conditions impair coagulation except

VASCULAR SPASM

Blood is a

SUSPENSION

Father has type O positive blood, mother has type AB negative blood. Which antigen(s) does father have on the red blood cells in his blood

Rh (a,b,o,rh,none of the above)

Father has type O positive blood, mother has type AB negative blood. Which antibody and antibodies does the mother have in her blood

NONE OF THE ABOVE (anti-a,anti-b,anti-o,none of the above)

Father has type O positive blood, mother has type AB negative blood. Which blood type(s)is it possible for their son to have

TYPE A and TYPE B (type a,type b,type o,type ab)

Healthy adults normally have about how many red blood cells per cubic millimeter of blood

5,000,000

Healthy adults normally have about how many white blood cells per cubic millimeter of blood

10,000

Most of the clotting factors require which chemical element to do their job

CALCIUM

Normally the most numerous of the leukocytes are the

NEUTROPHILS

Plasma can be given without any danger of incompatibility because it lacks

ANTIGENS

Platelets

STICK TO THE DAMAGED AREA OF A BLOOD VESSEL AND HELP SEAL THE LEAK

The average life span of an erythrocyte is normally about

FOUR MONTHS OR 120 DAYS

The heme (ring) portion of the hemoglobin of broken down red blood cells is converted to a straight chain compound called

BILIRUBIN

The leukocyte that releases histamine is the

BASOPHIL

The Rh factor is an antigen that is found on the

RED BLOOD CELLS OF PEOPLE WHO ARE Rh POSITIVE

The slowest step in the clotting process is

FORMATION OF PROTHROMBIN ACTIVATOR

Which blood type is called the universal donor

TYPE O

Which of the following might trigger erythropoiesis

INCREASED TISSUE DEMAND FOR OXYGEN

Which of the following is not a cause of bleeding disorders

EXCESS SECRETION OF PLATELET-COVERED GROWTH FACTOR (PDGF)

Which sequence is correct for the following events:
1. fibrinogen -> fibrin
2. clot retraction
3. formation of thromboplastin
4. prothrombin -> thrombin

3,4,1,2