Adenoma

Keep in mind for all of these words remember that the way to read them is suffix first not as shown on answer. For example the meaning of adenoma is:
A mass/tumor found in a gland.

gland + tumor or mass

Adenitis

gland + inflammation

Arthritis

joint + inflammation

Biology

life + study of

Biopsy

life + to view (living tissue is viewed under a microscope)

Carcinoma

cancer + tumor or mass

Cardiology

heart + study of

Cephalic

head + pertaining to

Cerebral

cerebrum + pertaining to

Cystoscope

urinary bladder + instrument for viewing

Cytology

cell + study of

Dermal

skin + pertaining to

Dermatitis

skin + inflammation

Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)

electricity + heart + record

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

electricity + head + record (often used to diagnose epilepsy)

Enteritis

small intestines + inflammation

Erythrocyte

red + cell (red blood cell)

Gastroscopy

stomach + visual examination

Diagnosis

complete + knowledge + state of

Prognosis

before + knowledge + state of (a prediction about the patient's outcome)

Gynecology

woman + study of (study of problems with female reproductive organs)

Leukocyte

white + cell (white blood cell)

Thrombocyte

clotting + cell (platlets)

Hemotoma

blood + mass or tumor (a bruise)

Hemoglobin

blood + protein (a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen)

Hepatitis

liver + inflammation

Laparotomy

abdomen + cutting into

Abdominal

abdomen + pertaining to

Nephrectomy

kidney + cutting out

Neurology

nerve + study of

Oncologist

tumor + study of + specialist (a cancer specialist)

Ophthalmoscope

eye + instrument for viewing

Osteoarthritis

bone + joint + inflammation

Pathologist

disease + study of + specialist

Autopsy

self + to view (examination of dead body to see for oneself the cause of death)

Psychosis

mind + abnormal condition

Renal

kidney + pertaining to

Rhinitis

nose + inflammation

Sarcoma

flesh + mass or tumor (a type of cancerous tumor)

Thrombosis

clotting + abnormal condition

Neural

nerve + pertaining to

Arthralgia

joint + pain

Gastrectomy

stomach + cutting out

Leukemia

white + blood condition (cancerous white blood cells in blood and bone marrow)

Arthrogram

joint + record (x-ray of a joint)

Gastric

stomach + pertaining to

Cephalgia

head + pain (shortened from cephalalgia)

Hyperthyroidism

excessive + thyroid + condition (the thyroid secretes too much hormone)

Gastroenteritis

stomach + intestines + inflammation

Neurologist

nerves + study of + specialist

Nephrology

kidney + study of

Hepatoma

liver + mass or tumor

Nephrosis

kidney + abnormal condition

Gastroscope

stomach + instrument for viewing

Laparoscopy

abdomen + visual examination

Arthroscopy

joint + visual examination

Neurotomy

nerve + cutting into

Anemia

no + blood condition (not enough red blood cells)

Diameter

through or complete + measurement

Dysentery

bad, painful, or abnormal + intestines + condition or process

Endocrine glands

within + secrete + glands (such as adrenal glands)

Endocardium

within + heart + structure (inner lining of the heart valves and chambers)

Exocrine glands

outside + secrete + glands (such as sweat glands)

Hyperglycemia

excessive + sugar + blood condition (too little insulin means too much sugar in the blood)

Hypoglycemia

less than normal + sugar + blood condition (too much insulin means not enough sugar in the blood)

Prostate gland

before + stands + gland (the gland in front of the urinary bladder)

Retrogastric

behind + stomach + pertaining to

Subhepatic

below + liver + pertaining to

Transdermal

across or through + skin + pertaining to

Transurethral

across or through + urethra + pertaining to

Resection

back + cutting into an organ (cutting back part of an organ)