Aerobic exercise

any rhythmic, continuous physical activity that increases your heart rate and breathing, relying on oxygen to meet energy demands

Anaerobic exercise

a high-intensity, short-duration activity that breaks down glucose for energy without using oxygen

Cardiovascular endurance

the ability of the heart, lungs, and blood vessels to efficiently supply oxygen to working muscles during sustained, moderate-to-high intensity physical activity.

Circuit Training

a high-efficiency workout structure involving a series of 5–15 strength and cardio exercises performed in succession with minimal rest (often 0–15 seconds) between them

Concentric exercise

the phase of movement where a muscle shortens under tension to overcome resistance

Cool down

a 5- to 10-minute period of,low-intensity activity following,strenuous exercise that allows the body to gradually transition from high exertion to a resting state

Diminishing return

an economic principle stating that as you increase a single input (like labor or capital) while keeping other factors constant, the incremental output (or benefit) will eventually decrease.

Eccentric exercise

a type of strength training where muscles lengthen while under tension

Exercise adaptation

the body's long-term physiological adjustment to the stress of regular physical activity, resulting in improved structural and functional efficiency

Exercise plateau

a stage in fitness training where progress stalls and performance improvements stop despite consistent effort.

Exercise reversibility

the physiological gains, strength, and endurance achieved through training are lost when a person ceases or significantly reduces their exercise routine

F.I.T.T.E. principle

a structured framework for designing effective fitness programs, standing for Frequency, Intensity, Time, and Type.

Flexibility

the ability of a joint or series of joints to move through a full, pain-free range of motion, influenced by muscles, tendons, ligaments, and skin

Heart rate

the number of times the heart beats per minute (bpm)

Muscular contraction

the physiological process where muscle fibers generate tension and activate, often resulting in shortening, lengthening, or holding a static position

Muscular endurance

the ability of a muscle or group of muscles to repeatedly exert force against resistance—such as weights or body weight—over an extended period without fatiguing

Muscular strength

the maximum amount of force a muscle or muscle group can generate in a single, maximal contraction

Overload principle

to improve strength, endurance, or muscle size, you must subject the body to stress or workloads greater than what it is accustomed to.

Plyometrics

explosive exercises designed to increase muscular power (strength + speed) by forcing muscles to exert maximum force in short intervals.

Range of motion

the full, measurable movement potential of a joint, defining how far and in which direction it can bend, straighten, or rotate.

Repetitions

repeat

Warm-up

stretches or easy workout before an actual workout