Buccinator- D

Origin: Molar region of maxilla and mandible

Insertion: Orbicularis oris/corners of lips

Action: Compresses cheeks, holds food between teeth during chewing

MASTICATION

Masseter- D

Origin: Zygomatic arch

Insertion: Mandible (lateral surface of ramus)

Action: Elevates and protracts mandible

MASTICATION

Temporalis- S

Origin: Temporal line

Insertion: Mandible coronoid process

Action: Elevates and retracts the mandible

MASTICATION

Frontalis- S

Origin: Cranial aponeurosis

Insertion: Skin of forehead

Action: Elevates eyebrows

FACIAL EXPRESSION

Zygomaticus (major and minor)- S

Origin: Zygomatic bone

Insertion: Skin and muscles at corner of mouth

Action: Pulls corners of mouth posteriorly and superiorly (smile)

FACIAL EXPRESSION

Orbicularis oculi- S

Origin: Skin encircling orbit of eye

Insertion: Skin encircling palpebrae

Action: Closes eye- blinking/squinting

FACIAL EXPRESSION

Orbicularis oris- S

Origin: Skin on maxilla and mandible

Insertion: Mucous membrane of lips

Action: Closes mouth, purse, and protrude lips

FACIAL EXPRESSION

Platysma- S

Origin: Fascia of chest (over pectoral muscles) and deltoid

Insertion: Lower margin of mandible and orbicularis oris

Action: Depresses mandible, depresses and retracts lower lip

NECK

Sternocleidomastoid- D

Origin: Manubrium of sternum; medial third of clavicle

Insertion: Mastoid process of temporal bone

Action: Flexes neck; rotates head to opposite shoulder

NECK

Splenius capitus- D

Origin: C7-T3 (spinous processes)

Insertion: Nuchal line and mastoid process of temporal bone

Action: Neck extension and head/neck abduction/rotation

NECK

Pectoralis Major- S

Origin: Sternum, medial clavicle, costal cartilages 2-6

Insertion: Lateral part of intertubercular groove of humerus

Action: Flexes and adducts arm

ANTERIOR TRUNK

Pectoralis Minor- D

Origin: Ribs 3-5 (anterior surface)

Insertion: Coracoid process of scapula

Action: Protracts and depresses scapula; flexes, adducts, medially rotates arm

ANTERIOR TRUNK

Deltoid- S (Anterior, Middle, Posterior)

Origin: Lateral third of clavicle; acromion and spine of scapula

Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Action: Arm abduction (prime mover); aids flexion, extension and rotation of humerus

ANTERIOR TRUNK

Serratus Anterior- D

Origin: Ribs 1-8 outer surface

Insertion: Scapula (medial border)

Action: Protracts scapula and rotates superiorly, stabilizes scapula against rib cage

ANTERIOR TRUNK

Levator scapulae- D

Origin: Transverse processes of C1-C4

Insertion: Scapula (superior vertebral border)

Action: Elevates scapula

POSTERIOR TRUNK

Rhomboideus major- D

Origin: T2-T5 (spinous processes)

Insertion: Medial border of scapula

Action: Adducts/retracts scapula

POSTERIOR TRUNK

Latissimus dorsi- S

Origin: Spinous process of T6-L5, iliac crest, ribs 10-12

Insertion: Humerus (intertubercular groove)

Action: Extends, adducts, medially rotates arm

POSTERIOR TRUNK

Trapezius- S (Lower, Middle, Upper)

Origin: Occipital bone, all cervical and thoracic vertebrae spinous processes

Insertion: Acromion and spinous process of scapula, lateral third of clavicle

Action: Extends neck; retracts (adducts) scapula, stabilizes scapula

POSTERIOR TRUNK

Supraspinatus- D

Origin: Supraspinous fossa of scapula

Insertion: Humerus (greater tubercle)

Action: Stabilizes arm, assists in abduction

ROTATOR CUFF GROUP

Infraspinatus- D

Origin: Infraspinatus fossa of scapula

Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus

Action: Adducts and laterally rotates arm

ROTATOR CUFF GROUP

Subscapularis- D

Origin: Subscapular fossa of scapula

Insertion: Lesser tubercle of humerus

Action: Medially rotates arm

ROTATOR CUFF GROUP

Teres minor- D

Origin: Inferior angle of scapula

Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus

Action: Adducts and laterally rotates arm

ROTATOR CUFF GROUP

Diaphragm- D

Origin: Inferior borders of rib 12, sternum, and the xiphoid process; costal cartilages of ribs 6-12, and lumbar vertebra

Insertion: Central tendon of diaphragm

Action: Primer mover for inspiration, flattens when contracted

MUSCLE OF RESPIRATION

External intercostals- D

Origin: Inferior border of rib above (superior rib)

Insertion: Superior border of the rib below (inferior rib)

Action: Elevates ribs

MUSCLE OF RESPIRATION

Internal intercostals- D

Origin: Superior border of inferior rib

Insertion: Inferior border of superior rib

Action: Depresses ribs

MUSCLE OF RESPIRATION

External abdominal oblique- S

Origin: Anterior surface of inferior 8 ribs

Insertion: Linea alba and anterior iliac crest

Action: Flexes and rotates trunk; compresses abdominal viscera

MUSCLES OF ABDOMINAL WALL

Internal abdominal oblique- D

Origin: Thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest

Insertion: Linea alba, iliac crest, pubic tubercle, inferior border of last 4 ribs

Action: Flexes and rotates trunk; compresses abdominal viscera

MUSCLES OF ABDOMINAL WALL

Rectus Abdominis- D

Origin: Pubic symphysis and crest

Insertion: Xiphoid process and costal cartilages 5-7

Action: Flexes and rotates trunk; compresses abdominal viscera

MUSCLES OF ABDOMINAL WALL

Transversus abdominis

Origin: Iliac crest, costal cartilages of inferior 6 ribs

Insertion: Linea alba and pubic crest

Action: Compresses the abdominal viscera

MUSCLES OF ABDOMINAL WALL

Triceps brachii- S

Origin: Glenoid cavity of scapula, posterior humerus

Insertion: Olecranon of ulna

Action: Forearm extension, antagonist of biceps brachii

BRACHIAL REGION

Biceps brachii- S

Origin: Coracoid process of scapula

Insertion: Proximal radius

Action: Forearm flexion and supination

BRACHIAL REGION

Brachialis- D

Origin: Anterior surface of distal humerus

Insertion: Coronoid process of ulna

Action: Forearm flexion

BRACHIAL REGION

Brachioradialis- D

Origin: Distal humerus

Insertion: Base of radial styloid process

Action: Synergist of biceps brachii and brachialis in forearm flexion

BRACHIAL REGION

Extensor digitorum- S

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: Distal phalanges of second through fifth fingers

Action: Prime mover of finger extension, wrist extension, adduction of fingers

ANTEBRACHIAL REGION AND HAND

Pronator teres- D

Origin: Distal humerus and coronoid process of ulna

Insertion: Radius midshaft

Action: Forearm pronation

ANTEBRACHIAL REGION AND HAND

Flexor carpi radialis- S

Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: Metacarpals II and II (base)

Action: Wrist flexion, radially deviates wrist (abduction)

ANTEBRACHIAL REGION AND HAND

Flexor carpi ulnaris- S

Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: Most medial carpal bones (anterior), metacarpal V (base)

Action: Wrist flexion and ulnar deviation (adduction)

ANTEBRACHIAL REGION AND HAND

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis- D

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus (posterior)

Insertion: Metacarpal III (posterior base)

Action: Wrist extension and radial deviation (abduction)

ANTEBRACHIAL REGION AND HAND

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris- S

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus, posterior shaft of ulna

Insertion: Metacarpal V (base)

Action: Wrist extension, ulnar deviation of wrist (adduction)

ANTEBRACHIAL REGION AND HAND

Gluteus maximus- S

Origin: Ilium, sacrum, and coccyx

Insertion: Gluteal tuberosity of femur

Action: Hip extension

GLUTEAL MUSCLES

Gluteus medius- D

Origin: Lateral surface of ilium

Insertion: Greater trochanter of femur

Action: Abducts and medially rotates thigh

GLUTEAL MUSCLES

Gluteus minimus-D

Origin: Lateral surface of ilium

Insertion: Greater trochanter of femur

Action: Abducts and medially rotates thigh

GLUTEAL MUSCLES

Psoas major- D

Origin: T12-L5 vertebral bodies

Insertion: Lesser trochanter of femur

Action: Flexes hip/thigh

MEDIAL THIGH MUSCLES

Adductor Magnus- D

Origin: Inferior Ischial ramus (coxal bone)

Insertion: Linea aspera of femur

Action: Extends hips, adducts leg

MEDIAL THIGH MUSCLES

Adductor longus- D

Origin: Pubis near pubic symphysis

Insertion: Linea aspera of femur

Action: Adducts, flexes and medially rotates leg

MEDIAL THIGH MUSCLES

Gracilis- S

Origin: Pubis and adjacent ischial ramus

Insertion: Medial surface of tibia just inferior to its medial condyle

Action: Adducts thigh, flexes and medially rotates leg

MEDIAL THIGH MUSCLES

Pectineus- D

Origin: Pubis and pubic ramus

Insertion: Proximal portion of posterior femur (between lesser trochanter and linea aspera)

Action: Hip flexion, adducts femur

MEDIAL THIGH MUSCLES

Tensor fascia latae

Origin: Anterior aspect of iliac crest

Insertion: Iliotibial tract (band)

Action: Stabilizes thigh

LATERAL THIGH MUSCLE

Semitendinosus- S

Origin: Ischial tuberosity

Insertion: Proximal tibia

Action: Extends thigh, flexes knee, medial leg rotation

POSTERIOR THIGH MUSCLES (HAMSTRINGS)

Semimembranosus- D

Origin: Ischial tuberosity

Insertion: Proximal tibia

Action: Extends thigh, flexes knee, medial leg rotation

POSTERIOR THIGH MUSCLES (HAMSTRING)

Biceps femoris- S

Origin: Ischial tuberosity and distal femur

Insertion: Head of fibula

Action: Extends thigh, laterally flexes knee

POSTERIOR THIGH MUSCLES (HAMSTRINGS)

Sartorius- S

Origin: Anterior superior iliac spine

Insertion: Proximal tibia-medially

Action: Flexes and laterally rotates thigh

ANTERIOR THIGH MUSCLES (QUADS-QUADRICEPS GROUP)

Rectus femoris-Quads- S

Origin: Anterior inferior iliac spine, superior margin of acetabulum

Insertion: Patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

Action: Extends leg and flexes thigh

ANTERIOR THIGH MUSCLES (QUADS-QUADRICEPS GROUP)

Vastus intermedius-Quads- D

Origin: Anterior and lateral surfaces of proximal femur diaphysis

Insertion: Patella and tibial tuberosity via patella ligament

Action: Extends leg

ANTERIOR THIGH MUSCLES (QUADS-QUADRICEPS GROUP)

Vastus lateralis-Quads- S

Origin: Greater trochanter

Insertion: Patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

Action: Extends leg and stabilizes knee

ANTERIOR THIGH MUSCLES (QUADS-QUADRICEPS GROUP)

Vastus medialis-Quads- S

Origin: Intertrochanteric region of proximal femur

Insertion: Patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

Action: Extends leg, stabilizes patella

ANTERIOR THIGH MUSCLES (QUADS-QUADRICEPS GROUP)

Gastrocnemius- S

Origin: 2 heads- medial and lateral condyle of femur

Insertion: Posterior calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

Action: Plantar flexion

LEG MUSCLES/ CALF MUSCLES

Soleus- D

Origin: Superior tibia and fibula

Insertion: Posterior calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

Action: Plantar flexion

LEG MUSCLES/CALF MUSCLES

Tibialis anterior- S

Origin: Lateral condyle and upper 2/3rds of tibial shaft

Insertion: First metatarsal via a tarsal bone

Action: Prime mover of dorsiflexion

LEG MUSCLES/CALF MUSCLES